Comprehensive analysis of clinical significance of stem-cell related factors in renal cell cancer
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WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
RESEARCH
Open Access
Comprehensive analysis of clinical significance of stem-cell related factors in renal cell cancer Yongchao Liu1†, Changcun Zhang1†, Jie Fan1*, Lei Xiao2, Bingde Yin1, Libin Zhou1 and Shujie Xia1
Abstract Background: C-MYC, LIN28, OCT4, KLF4, NANOG and SOX2 are stem cell related factors. We detected whether these factors express in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues to study their correlations with the clinical and pathological characteristics. Methods: The expressions of c-MYC, LIN28, SOX2, KLF4, OCT4 and NANOG in 30 RCC patients and 5 non-RCC patients were detected with quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). The data were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed rank sum test and x2 test. Results: In RCC group, c-MYC expression was significantly higher in RCC tissues compared with normal tissues (P < 0.05). The expression levels of OCT4, KLF4, NANOG and SOX2 were significantly lower in RCC tissues compared with normal tissues (P < 0.05). LIN28 expression level was not significant. No difference was observed when it comes to clinical and pathological characteristics such as gender, age, tumor size, cTNM classification and differentiation status (P > 0.05). Also the expression levels of all above factors were not significantly changed in non-RCC group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The present analysis strongly suggests that altered expression of several stem cell related factors may play different roles in RCC. C-MYC may function as an oncogene and OCT4, KLF4, NANOG and SOX2 as tumor suppressors. Keywords: c-MYC, LIN28, KLF4, SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, Kidney Neoplasm
Background In 2007, Takahshi et al [1] successfully demonstrated the induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblast by transfection of four transcription factors: OCT3/4, SOX2, c-MYC and KLF4. Yu et al [2] developed a similar method to restore the pluripotency of human somatic cells by transfecting OCT4, SOX2, NANOG and LIN28. Recently, we reported that transducting adult rat cells with lentivirus containing a cocktail of reprogramming factors of OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC and KLF4 could create rat pluripotent stem cell lines, rather than using lentivirus containing OCT4, SOX2, NANOG and LIN28 genes [3]. Besides the potential to induce the pluripotency, more studies are reported on cancer stem cells because of their functions to regulate the proliferation, differentiation * Correspondence: [email protected] † Contributed equally 1 Department of Urology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
and metastasis [4-10]. Bussolati et al [11] found tumorinitiating stem cells in human RCC; however, few studies combined all these stem cell related factors together in pathological specimens of RCC. RCC has increased over the last decades [12]. Our previous study on stem cells [3] triggered us to clarify the correlation between the clinical characteristics and the
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