Computational Methods for Optimal Planning of Hybrid Renewable Microgrids: A Comprehensive Review and Challenges
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Computational Methods for Optimal Planning of Hybrid Renewable Microgrids: A Comprehensive Review and Challenges D. Emad1 · M. A. El‑Hameed1 · M. T. Yousef1 · A. A. El‑Fergany1 Received: 6 February 2019 / Accepted: 12 July 2019 © CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain 2019
Abstract This manuscript aims to present a comprehensive literature reviews of various aspects for hybrid microgrids (HMGs) comprising mathe modeling, different optimization techniques, and common adapted objective functions along with their equality and inequality constraints and so on. Classical and modern optimization methodologies are recognized with their inherent features. Special care of renewable energy sources expressly wind and solar including energy storage systems are in order. In addition, uncertainties in solar and wind energy resources are highlighted, and the applications of forecasting models are presented. Comparisons among various HMGs planning and design methods are summarized and criticized for the sake of concluding their merits and demerits. Finally, technical advices for giving good insights for HMGs designers and future researches in this regard are emphasized.
1 Introduction A Microgrid (MG) is a small grid composed of hybrid renewable and conventional energy sources, energy storage devices and AC/DC loads. MG is a better choice to supply electricity to remote areas, those that have electricity problems or high cost production. MG planning has to be optimized while satisfying customer needs, reliability and economics. Traditionally, remote islands and villages are supplied with electric energy from diesel generators. A study has been done in [1] to show high cost reasons of using diesel generators and their negative environmental effects. Therefore, the most suitable solution to supply electricity to remote areas is by renewable energy sources (RESs). Among them, wind and solar energy are the most common nowadays. The popular RESs include solar arrays and wind turbines. Due to climatic changes, solar radiation and wind speed, there is uncertainties in their power production. Therefore, energy storage systems have important role especially in an isolated operation mode. Wind energy sources have fast growing rates [2] and solar photovoltaic energy (SPV) is the most scalable type of renewable energy generation. Generally,
RESs aren’t used alone as their output depends on environmental conditions. Thus, they can’t provide continuous power to load [3]. It is common in practice to hybridize conventional sources with renewable sources in addition to storage devices to form MGs. Different combination of these sources are found in literature, for example in [4], a MG comprising SPV system, batteries, fuel cells (FC), and ultra-capacitors is found. While in [5], the MG is composed of diesel generator, SPV arrays, wind turbines, and battery storage, and many more combinations are used [6, 7]. MGs are preferable for utility/grid and customers. Optimal sizing of MGs depends on many factors including load profile, availability o
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