Concepts of the Small Body Sample Return Missions - the 1 st 10 Million Year Evolution of the Solar System
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Concepts of the Small Body Sample Return Missions the 1st 10 Million Year Evolution of the Solar System Yangting Lin1 · Yonghe Zhang2 · Sen Hu1 · Yuchen Xu3 · Weijia Zhou4 · Shijie Li5 · Wei Yang1 · Yang Gao6 · Mingtao Li3 · Qingzhu Yin7 · Douglas Lin8,9 · Wing Ip10
Received: 18 July 2019 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Each type of asteroids and comets are important, serving as the unique puzzle pieces of the solar system. The countless number of small bodies spread vastly from the near-Earth orbits to the main belt and beyond Jupiter. Thus, in order to complete the whole puzzle, and hence requires a well-designed roadmap of sample return (SR) missions and international coordination. The main consideration is the accreting locations of various types of asteroids, which may be referred through their redox status and abundances of water and volatile components. C-complex asteroids are water and volatile-rich, likely accreted in the outer solar system. Two C-complex asteroids are being explored by Hayabusa-2 and OSIRIS-REx missions, respectively. In contrast, enstatite chondrite-like asteroids formed under extremely reducing conditions in the inner solar system. The samples returned from enstatite chondrite-like asteroids will clarify the nebular processes in the zone closest to the Role of Sample Return in Addressing Major Questions in Planetary Sciences Edited by Mahesh Anand, Sara Russell, Yangting Lin, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Kuljeet Kaur Marhas and Shogo Tachibana
B Y. Lin
[email protected]
1
Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
2
Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
3
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
4
Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
5
Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
6
Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
7
University of California, Davis, USA
8
University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
9
Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
10
Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Sun, and reveal fractionation of the solar nebula along the radial direction, via comparing with those of the C-complex asteroids. The exploration will also shed light on the bulk compositions of the Earth and terrestrial planets accreted in the same region of the inner solar system. The SR missions will focus on the first 10 Ma history of the solar system, including the initial condition, the nebular processes, and the accretion of planetesimals. Because the secondary processes that took place in planetesimals, such as thermal metamorphism, aqueous alteration, melting and differentiation, could largely erase the records of the nebular events, it is critically important to choose
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