Concrete Fracture Models and Applications
Cementitious materials, rocks and fibre-reinforced composites commonly termed as quasibrittle, need a different fracture mechanics approach to model the crack propagation study because of the presence of significant size of fracture process zone ahead of
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Shailendra Kumar · Sudhirkumar V. Barai
Concrete Fracture Models and Applications
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Asst. Professor Shailendra Kumar National Institute of Technology Civil Engineering Department Jamshedpur India [email protected]
Prof. Sudhirkumar V. Barai Indian Institute of Technology Civil Engineering Department Kharagpur India [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-16763-8 e-ISBN 978-3-642-16764-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-16764-5 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dedicated to All Those who Relentlessly Endeavour to Unite a Fractured World
Foreword
Fracture mechanics as a discipline of mechanics goes back to the early years of the 20th century. It started with the description and explanation of the cracking behavior and failure of glass which could not be explained by means of the strength of materials approach. The material to which the new theory was applied had to be elastic and brittle. After glass, the failure of brittle types of metals was investigated. Later, linear elastic fracture mechanics was extended to elastic–plastic material behavior with well-established theories. Although concrete exhibited brittleness in conventional force-controlled tensile tests, it was only in the early 1960s that fracture mechanics principles penetrated slowly into the field of concrete. First attempts were made to apply linear elastic fracture mechanics to concrete, but there was no great success. However, the idea to apply fracture mechanics to concrete and concrete structures was very important. Many researchers started to think of concrete and fracture mechanics. At the same time, the testing facilities developed enormously. It became possible to perform displacement-controlled tensile tests on concrete. One realized that concrete is not perfectly brittle but strain softening, i.e., failure in tension, occurred only after a considerable nonelastic displacement in the post-peak region. The idea of cohesive stresses in a concrete crack emerged. After recognizing the real behavior
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