Conditional generation of multiphoton-subtracted squeezed vacuum states: loss consideration and operator description
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Conditional generation of multiphoton-subtracted squeezed vacuum states: loss consideration and operator description Xue-xiang Xu1
· Hong-chun Yuan2
Received: 1 February 2020 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In terms of the characteristic functions of the quantum states, we present a complete operator description of a lossy photon-subtraction scheme. Feeding a single-mode squeezed vacuum into a variable beam splitter and counting the photons in one of the output channels, a broad class of multiphoton-subtracted squeezed vacuum states (MSSVSs) can be generated in other channel. Here, the losses are considered in the beginning and the end channels in the circuit. Indeed, this scheme has been discussed in Ref. [Phys. Rev. A 100, 022341 (2019)]. However, different from the above work, we give all the details of the optical fields in all stages. In addition, we present the analytical expressions and numerical simulations for the success probability, the quadrature and number squeezing effect, photon number distribution, and Wigner function of the MSSVSs. Some interesting results effected by the losses are obtained. Keywords Quantum state engineering · Photon-subtracted Operation · Conditional measurement · Loss channel · Characteristic function
1 Introduction A key requirement for many quantum protocols is to use specific quantum states of light as a resource for information processing [1]. These quantum states can be divided into Gaussian and non-Gaussian cases [2]. For example, the coherent state
This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11665013).
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Xue-xiang Xu [email protected]
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College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China 0123456789().: V,-vol
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and the single-mode squeezed vacuum state are the typical Gaussian states, which are applied in many tasks [3]. However, various important protocols for quantumenhanced information processing cannot be performed when restricted to Gaussian states [4]. Thus, it is necessary to introduce non-Gaussianity into an optical system. In recent years, many non-Gaussian quantum states have been used as resources for useful quantum information processing tasks [5,6]. Therefore, a crucial goal for experimental quantum optics is to prepare high-quality non-Gaussian quantum states. Photon-subtraction operation is just a useful way to conditionally manipulate a nonGaussian state of the optical field, which has been shown to enhance entanglement [7,8] and teleportation fidelity [9]. Indeed, some quantum states after applying photonsubtraction operation or other non-Gaussian operations may produce higher degrees of nonclassicality and entanglement [10–13]. Theoretically, subtraction of m photons from a single-mode quantum state |ψ can be expressed as a m |ψ,
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