Dynamics of a Nondegenerate Three-Level Laser with Parametric Amplifier and Coupled to a Two-Mode Squeezed Vacuum Reserv
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ATOMIC PHYSICS
Dynamics of a Nondegenerate Three-Level Laser with Parametric Amplifier and Coupled to a Two-Mode Squeezed Vacuum Reservoir Tamirat Abebe1
· Chimdessa Gashu Feyisa1
Received: 11 January 2020 © Sociedade Brasileira de F´ısica 2020
Abstract In this paper, the effect of a squeezed parameter and parametric amplifier on squeezing and entanglement of a correlated emission laser is thoroughly analyzed. The combination of the master equation and stochastic differential equation is presented to study the quantum features of the light. Moreover, with the aid of the resulting solutions together with the correlation properties of noise operators, the quadrature squeezing and entanglement and the mean number of photon pairs of the cavity light are determined. It is found that a large amplitude of the classical driving radiation induces a strong correlation between the top and bottom states of three-level atoms to produce a high degree of squeezing and entanglement. Furthermore, the presence of parametric amplifier and squeezed parameter is found to enhance the degree of squeezing and entanglement of the cavity light. Keywords Parametric amplifier · Squeezed parameter · Quadrature squeezing · Entanglement · Mean number of photon
1 Introduction type three-level lasers have been an interesting area of research over the years in light of its capability to generate vast quantum properties [1–22]. Quantum properties of the light, in this optical device, is linked to atomic coherence that can be induced by preparing the atoms initially in a coherent superposition of the top and bottom levels [1–9] and coupling these levels by the classical driving radiation [10–15]. The classical driving radiation imposes a constraint on the populations of atoms in the bottom and top levels. This is due to the fact that transition of atoms between these levels is forbidden as far as the electric dipole approximation is considered. The classical driving radiation therefore contributes to the observed nonclassical properties by reversing the number of atoms populating in the top and bottom levels. Tamirat Abebe
[email protected] Chimdessa Gashu Feyisa [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia
It has also been studied that the introduction of a nonlinear crystal inside the laser cavity has a paramount effect in manipulating the quantum features produced by this optical system [6–8, 13, 18–28]. Usually, these properties get amplified in certain conditions in response to the nonlinearity introduced into the cascade laser cavity [28]. The nonlinear crystal used in such cases are often degenerate or nondegenerate parametric amplifiers, which are defined in terms of frequencies produced after the down conversion process. The correlation between these frequencies leads to squeezing and entanglement which have no classical counterparts and found to occur 50% below the coherent state limit [21, 22]. The quantum and statistical properties of light produced by the three-level la
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