Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) in a Sample of Korean Immigrant
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Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) in a Sample of Korean Immigrant Parents in New Zealand Boram Lee 1 & Gavin T. L. Brown 2
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) is a widely used 26-item self-report measure based on Baumrind’s conceptualizations of authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles. Despite its widespread application in parenting research across the globe, concerns have been expressed regarding the applicability of this measure in Asian immigrant samples. Furthermore, no studies have been conducted with Korean immigrant samples, with separate reporting for mothers and fathers, to provide data on the validity and reliability of the PSDQ. The purpose of current study was to conduct confirmatory factor analysis, based on pre-existing models, to evaluate the reliability of the PSDQ in use in Korean immigrant samples and to refine and revise them if necessary. A sample of 207 Korean immigrant parents of children (ages 6–10) in New Zealand completed the PSDQ. The results suggest that the revised models largely replicate the existing models, and most of the items that make up the authoritarian and authoritative scales were found to be sufficiently coherent and robust to be used. Keywords Authoritarian parenting . Authoritative parenting . Confirmatoryfactoranalysis . Korean immigrant parents . Parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ)
Introduction Parenting is perhaps one of the most important factors shaping a child’s development (e.g., Kern and Jonyniene 2012). Children’s successful social, emotional, intellectual, and behavioral development therefore depends on the degree to which their parents are actively involved in their lives. Regarding parental involvement, many developmental psychologists have explored how parents influence the development and competence of children, which they refer to as parenting style. Parenting style is a term coined by Baumrind to describe normal variations in parents’ attempts to control and socialize their children (Baumrind 1991). Most of the research
* Boram Lee [email protected] Gavin T. L. Brown [email protected] 1
Department of Early Childhood Education, Woosong University, 171 Dongdaejeon-ro, Dong-gu, Deajeon 34606, South Korea
2
The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
on parenting style begins with Baumrind’s typology (1971), which identifies three prototypic patterns of parenting designated authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. Baumrind’s typology of parenting styles has been used extensively in much of the parenting and family research conducted in Western societies. It has also been a fruitful focus for research on Asian and Asian-American parenting, including comparisons between Asian and Western samples (Chao 2001; Wu et al. 2002), as well as individual differences in parenting (Winsler et al. 2005). Authoritarian parenting is characterized by parents who are hig
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