Conservation of Brazilian freshwater biodiversity: Thinking about the next 10 years and beyond
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COMMENTARY
Conservation of Brazilian freshwater biodiversity: Thinking about the next 10 years and beyond Valter M. Azevedo-Santos1 • Jorge Luiz Rodrigues-Filho2 • Philip M. Fearnside3 Thomas E. Lovejoy4 • Marcelo F. G. Brito5
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Received: 16 June 2020 / Revised: 16 October 2020 / Accepted: 31 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In 2021 the countries of the world will discuss a framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) for a new environmental agenda for the next 10 years (‘‘post2020’’). Parties should consider Brazil to be a central nation in these discussions. The country holds a large freshwater biodiversity that needs to be conserved, but current policies imperil species and ecosystems. Here we present topics to guide other CBD parties in discussing with Brazil a better agenda to conserve freshwater biodiversity post-2020. These initiatives include: (1) a national plan to reduce threats, (2) restoration of freshwater ecosystems, (3) protected areas, (4) more investment in research, and (5) science communication. Brazil’s participation in these CBD negotiations is fundamental for a new agreement, but the country is under a presidential administration with little concern for the environment. While our suggestions are intended for participants in the CBD negotiations, they will also be relevant to other international actors in the coming years. Nations, international investors, private companies and NGOs around the world must therefore use their influence to press the current administration to protect the country’s environment, including its enormous freshwater biodiversity. Keywords Freshwater protected areas Laws Mining Post-2020 Restoration Biological invasions
Introduction Since February 2020, parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have been discussing the challenges of conserving biodiversity in a world that is undergoing climate change and increasing human population and consumption (CBD 2020). The parties will Communicated by Angus Jackson. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-02002076-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Valter M. Azevedo-Santos [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Biodiversity and Conservation
formulate a new global framework, scheduled to be agreed in 2021. These decisions will provide a global environmental agenda for the next 10 years (‘‘post-2020’’). The parties should consider Brazil to be central to the discussion of the post-2020 period due to its vast biodiversity, especially those in inland waters. The country contains a large percentage of the planet’s freshwater species (Agostinho et al. 2005). For example, the country holds 3148 freshwater fish species (ICMBio 2018), a larger richness than North America, Central America, Europe, and Oceania combined (Dagosta and de Pinna 2019). Another example is freshw
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