Considerations for Nanoscale Manufacturing
In this part of the book the development of a versatile micro- and nanoscale structuring process is described in detail. In chapter 3, we will outline the physical principles of thin film deposition such as magnetron sputtering and electron-beam evaporati
- PDF / 8,700,442 Bytes
- 336 Pages / 476.22 x 680.315 pts Page_size
- 40 Downloads / 222 Views
Holger Bartolf
Fluctuation Mechanisms in Superconductors Nanowire Single-Photon Counters, Enabled by Effective Top-Down Manufacturing
Dr. sc. nat. Holger Bartolf Baden-Dättwil, Switzerland
ISBN 978-3-658-12245-4 ISBN 978-3-658-12246-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-12246-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015957239 Springer Spektrum © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci¿cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro¿lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci¿c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Spektrum is a brand of Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To my wife Petra, our daughter Lea and to my parents Katharina and Johann. Thank you for your love, patience, understanding and support.
Ideal is only the ideal gas. Nevertheless, at spatial distances on the nanometer length-scale where the plenty of room at the bottom gets populated by individual atoms, non-idealities sum-up to the commonly observable phenomenon called reality. Generally we describe these non-ideal phenomena by mathematical models based on quantum-mechanical formulæ which denominate so-called many-particle interactions. For these relatively simple reasons, a plethora of applications at the nanometer scale profits from our basic and fundamental understanding of nature.
Preface - Vortex-Fluctuation and Single-Photon Detection with a Nanowire
Physical Background Imagine the following relatively simple experiment. Let us use a cryostat with an optical window and cool down an ordinary metallic wire (e.g. made from Niobium). When passing the critical temperature, the wire changes its state of matter from the metallic phase into the superconducting phase. The measured voltage-drop along the wire is now1 zero. Then we utilize a common high-intensity laser and shine light onto our wire through the cryostat window. Intuitively we expect that the power of the laser-light will turn a piece of the wire with finite length into the metallic state, which can be observed by
Data Loading...
