Considerations on Influencing Factors of Carbon Deposit in Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
This paper describes investigation of the carbon deposit formation phenomenon in Gasoline Direct Injection. A 2.4 L GDI engine and a 2.0 L port fuel injection engine, which were produced by the same manufacturer, were tested on an EC-type engine dynamomet
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Abstract This paper describes investigation of the carbon deposit formation phenomenon in Gasoline Direct Injection. A 2.4 L GDI engine and a 2.0 L port fuel injection engine, which were produced by the same manufacturer, were tested on an EC-type engine dynamometer. Non-additized RON 92 regular gasoline was used as the test fuel. The test cycle was based on the ASTM D6201 method, but in the experimental conditions, the average engine load and load-changing frequencies were different. After engine operation, collected carbon deposits were performed on Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) to investigate the primary source of the carbon deposits. Our investigation revealed that the weight of the carbon deposits on the intake valve and combustion chamber had an inverseproportional relationship with the average engine load on the GDI engine. In addition, the shapes of carbon deposits that formed on the combustion chamber varied as a function of the engine load. The TGA results also showed that the intake valve deposits were largely affected by lubricants, while the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber were mainly generated from gasoline.
Keywords Gasoline direct injection Intake valve deposit Combustion chamber deposit Engine load Thermo gravimetric analysis
F2012-A09-015 C. Oh (&) GS Caltex, Seoul, Republic of Korea e-mail: [email protected]
SAE-China and FISITA (eds.), Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 190, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33750-5_45, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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1 Introduction In a gasoline engine, carbonaceous deposits are accumulated while the engine is operating. Deposits on the fuel injector, intake valves and combustion chamber can cause many problems for vehicle performance [1]. Intake valve deposits impede intake air flow, thus deteriorating engine performance and fuel efficiency. Combustion chamber deposits can be the reason of abnormal combustion, knocking. Generally intake valve deposits and fuel injector deposits are generally considered a more important problem, because combustion chamber deposits can be spontaneously oxygenated during high-load engine operation. In conventional a Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engine, numerous studies on carbon deposit formation have been performed [2, 3], and now the problem related to intake valve deposit is easily solved by detergent fuel additives. Detergent is mixed with gasoline in the refinery, and it removes carbon deposits when fuel spray touches the intake valve. Many detergents have been invented and nowadays polymer (polyisobuthylene-amine) detergents, which have a highly reacted component on its tail, are widely used. However, in a Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine, a concept introduced in the late 1990 s, the situation is different. Although several that dealt with carbon deposit formation in GDI engines have been done, most of them focused only on carbon deposits on injector tips [4–6]. In a GDI engine, it is more difficult to remove
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