Constructing Test Items
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Evaluation in Education and Human Services
Editors:
George F. Madaus, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Daniel L. Stufflebeam, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A. A selection of previously published books in the series:
Kelleghan, T., Madaus, G., and Airasian, P.: The Effects of Standardized Testing Madaus, G. (editor): The Courts, Validity, and Minimum Competency Testing Brinkerhoff, R., Brethower, D., Hluchyj, T., and Nowakowski, J.: Program Evaluation, Sourcebook/Casebook Madaus, G., Scriven, M., Stufflebeam, D.: Evaluation Models: Viewpoints on Educational and Human Services Evaluation Hambleton, R., Swaminathen, H.: Item Response Theory Stufflebeam, D., Shrinkfield, A.: Systematic Evaluation Cooley, W. and Bickel, W.: Decision-Oriented Educational Research Gable, R.: Instrument Development in the Affective Domain Sirotnik, K., and Oakes, J.: Critical Perspectives on the Organization and Improvement of Schooling Wick, 1.: School-Based Evaluation: A Guide for Board Members, Superintendents, Principals, Department Heads, and Teachers Worthen, B. and White, K.: Evaluating Educational and Social Programs McArthur, D.: Alternative Approaches to the Assessment of Achievement May, L., Moore, C. and Zammit, S.: Evaluating Business and Industry Training Glasman, N. and Nevo, D.: Evaluation in Decision Making: The Case of School Administration Gephart, W. and Ayers, J.: Teacher Education Evaluation Madaus, G. and Stufflebeam, D.: Educational Evaluation: Classic Works of Ralph W. Tyler Gifford, B.: Test Policy and the Politics of Opportunity Allocation: The Workplace and the Law Gifford, B.: Test Policy and Test Performance Mertens, D.: Creative Ideas for Teaching Evaluation
Constructing Test Items
Steven J. Osterlind University of Missouri-Columbia
Kluwer Academic Publishers BostonlDordrecht/London
Distributors for United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers 101 Philip Drive, Assinippi Park, Norwell, MA 02061 USA For all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Centre P. O. Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht The Netherlands
Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Osterlind, Steven J. Constructing test items. (Evaluation in education and human services series) Bibliography: p. Includes index. I. Examinations-Design and construction. I. Title. II. Series. LB3060.65.077 1989 371.2 '61 89-8152
ISBN-l3: 978-94-010-6971-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1071-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1071-3 Copyright © 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1989 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without written permission of the publisher.
Contents
List of Tables and Figures
Chapter 1 What Is Constructing Test Items? Introduction What This Book Is About Four Major Issues in Item Construction Type of Items Addressed Types of Items Not Covered Criteria for Material Included Major Purposes Of This Book Goal for This Book Standardizing Editorial Guidelines for