Construction 2 Environment Science Materials Technology

This book studies the techniques of construction technology and services, and the principles of environmental and materials science and their applications. It also studies the nature and the historical development of the built environment together with th

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Environment Science Materials Technology

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Construction 2

Environment Science Materials Technology A.V. Hore, J.G. Kehoe, R. McMullan and M.R. Penton

MACMILLAN

© A.V. Hore, J.G. Kehoe, R. McMullan and M.R. Penton 1997 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WIP 9HE. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 1997 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN 978-0-333-64949-7 ISBN 978-1-349-13930-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-13930-9

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset in Great Britain by Aarontype Limited Easton, Bristol

Contents

Preface

1

Nature of the Environment Natural environment Built environment Preserving the environment

VB

1

1

6 6

2

Development of the Built Environment Early built environment Styles of building Present and future environment

14

3

Organisation and Careers Occupations in construction and the built environment Industry organisations Training and education

26

4

Environmental Science Thermal energy in buildings Comfort conditions Summary of comfort measurements

41

5

Services Science Electricity principles Power supplies Water supplies Natural water Water treatment

58

6

Materials Science Physical properties of materials Mechanical properties of materials Chemical properties of materials Manufacture of materials Selection and performance of materials

14 15 20 26 33 37

41 49 57 58 68 73 75 81

86

86 88

91 96 99

Contents

VI

7

Site Investigation and Properties

Site investigations Setting out

103 103

109

8

Substructures and Groundworks

114

9

Structures and Superstructures

128

10

11

Foundations Earthwork support Ground-water control Structural forms Superstructure

114 120 120 128 133

Services, Appliances and Finishes

155 155 172

Project Development

175 175 181 185

Services Finishes

Construction plant Development planning Construction planning

Index

190

Preface

This book studies the techniques of construction technology and services, the pr