Construction and characterization of sandwich-type laccase electrode based on functionalized conducting polymers

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ORIGINAL PAPER

Construction and characterization of sandwich‑type laccase electrode based on functionalized conducting polymers Feifan Wang1 · Xinxin Yu3 · Guangtao Zhao2 Received: 15 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020

Abstract Laccase (Lac) is a multi-active-center glycoprotein. Its heterogeneous electron transfer efficiency depends on the distance between the substrate binding site and the electrode surface. Laccase encapsulation by conducting polymers should be favorable for the direct electron transfer (DET) process, thus improving the electrocatalytic efficiency of the laccase electrode. Here, a sandwich-type laccase electrode based on functionalized conducting polymers was developed. First, porous poly (3-aminophenylboronic acid) (PAPBA) conductive film was electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), and on which laccase was then immobilized via the specific binding of the boronic acid group from PAPBA and the glycosyl group on laccase. In addition to higher laccase loading, the present Lac/PAPBA/GCE electrode is more robust than that prepared by physical adsorption of laccase on conducting polymer. For laccase to be wired better, a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conductive film with polystyrenesulfonate anion ­(PSS−) as dopant was electrochemically covered on the Lac/ PAPBA/GCE. In addition to the compatibility among the stability of the cyclic boronic acid ester, the biological activity of the laccase, and the polymer conductivity, the sandwich-type laccase electrode was demonstrated to be more efficient than the counterpart without the second layer for the electroreduction of ­O2 probably due to a so-called “cage effect”.

Feifan Wang and Xinxin Yu contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (https​://doi.org/10.1007/s1169​6-020-01336​-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Extended author information available on the last page of the article

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Chemical Papers

Graphic abstract The "cage effect" of the sandwich-type conducting polymers reduces the requirement for laccase orientation and greatly improves the electrocatalytic performance of the laccase electrode.

Keywords  Functionalized conducting polymer · Laccase electrode · Direct electron transfer · Electrocatalysis

Introduction Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) is a blue multi-copper oxidase. It catalyzes the oxidation of phenols or aromatic amine substrates with the concomitant reduction of molecular oxygen into water (Riva 2006; Betancor et al. 2013). This catalytic feature gives its potential value not only in the field of environment protection (Riva 2006) but also in the fields of biofuel cell and biosensor (Betancor et al. 2013; Holmberg et al. 2015; Lalaoui et al. 2016; Traunsteiner et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2020; Pita et al. 2006; Balland et al. 2008; Blanford et al. 2007; Li et al. 2014; Qiu et al. 2008,2009; Kosla et al. 2013; Adam et al. 2016; Bari et