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Construction of oxygen vacancy modified Bi/BiOI nanocomposite with improved photocatalytic activity for microcystin-LR degradation Feiyu Xiao1 · Jinmei Xu2 · Ziwei Wang3 · Shanqing Jiang1 · Qiuya Zhang1 · LiPing Wang1,2  Received: 12 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Herein, a series of Bi/BiOI nanocomposites with oxygen vacancy modification have been prepared by the hydrogenated method. The Bi metal and oxygen vacancy were generated after annealing at high temperature concurrently. The obtained composite Bi/BiOI nanocomposite (label as x-BiOI, x means different annealing temperature) was used as a model photocatalyst to research the leading effects of oxygen vacancy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect in microcystin-LR (MC-LR) photodegradation. As one of the most dangerous microcystins, the removal of MC-LR is urgent and meaningful. Moreover, based on the MC-LR photodegradation results, the photocatalytic activity of all oxygen vacancy modified Bi/ BiOI nanocomposites was better than that of pristine BiOI. Meanwhile, the 500-BiOI photocatalysis shows the optimal photocatalysis performance. In detail, the degradation rate constant of 500-BiOI (0.56196 h−1) is around five times higher than that of pristine BiOI (0.1047 h−1). The microcystin toxin of intermediate was also analyzed systematically. The probable mechanism of the obtained sample was proposed for better understanding the MC-LR photodegradation process. This work provides a critical reference in water pollution treatment.

1 Introduction Recently, as one of the most dangerous challenges, environmental pollution is seriously threatening the survival and development of the human being. Notably, industrial and agricultural wastewater can easily lead to eutrophication for * LiPing Wang [email protected] Feiyu Xiao [email protected] Jinmei Xu [email protected] Ziwei Wang [email protected] Shanqing Jiang [email protected] Qiuya Zhang [email protected] 1



School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China

2



Huaide College, Changzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, China

3

Willy Environmental Technology Group Co., Ltd, Changzhou 213164, China



cyanobacteria’s overgrowth and give rise to microcystins (MCs) pollution [1]. As a strong cancerogenic substance, the removal of MC-LR is an urgent research topic for environmental remediation [2]. Unfortunately, the relatively stable cyclic peptide structure can efficaciously hinder the degradation of MCs during traditional water treatments. In order to solve the problem as mentioned above, many new types of water treatment strategy have been utilized for MCs removal, such as UV/H2O2 [3], UV/O3 [4], and biological degradation [5]. However, these methods also have some disadvantages like expensive cost, nonrenewable energy consumption, low efficiency. Fortunately, photocatalysis has been regarded as one of the most promising technologies for environmental pollutio