Consumer Socialism: Consumption, Development and the New Middle Classes in China and Vietnam

As part of the global shift of the world economy, the majority of the global consumer class will soon be East Asian. Interestingly, this involves the rather curious fact that a large proportion of consumers in the capitalist world economy will be living i

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a rv e h a nse n jo i nge be k k e vol d k r i s t e n nor dh aug

The Socialist Market Economy in Asia

Arve Hansen · Jo Inge Bekkevold · Kristen Nordhaug Editors

The Socialist Market Economy in Asia Development in China, Vietnam and Laos

Editors Arve Hansen Centre for Development and the Environment University of Oslo Oslo, Norway

Jo Inge Bekkevold Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies Oslo, Norway

Kristen Nordhaug Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo, Norway

ISBN 978-981-15-6247-1 ISBN 978-981-15-6248-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6248-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

Acknowledgments

The idea of this book took shape through the panel “Understanding the Socialist Market Economy: Development, Transformations and Contradictions in China, Vietnam and Laos” at the NORASIA VII conference organized by the Norwegian Network for Asian Studies at the University of Oslo in 2017. We would like to thank Kenneth Bo Nielsen for inviting us to set up a panel at the conference, as well as all the panel presenters and audience for stimulating discussions. The editors would like to thank all the contributors for excellent work and great cooperation. We would also like to thank the anonymous referees for supporting the project and for providing useful and constructive feedback. And last, a big thank you to Sara Crowley-Vigneau and the excellent staff at Palgrave Macmillan for their support throughout the publishing process. Oslo April 2020

Arve Hansen Jo Inge Bekkevold Kristen Nordhaug

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Contents

Part I The Socialist Market Economy: Ideology and D