Contamination issues in sachet and bottled water in Nigeria: a mini-review
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(2020) 6:112
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Contamination issues in sachet and bottled water in Nigeria: a mini‑review Oluwaseun J. Ajala1,3 · Joshua O. Ighalo2,4 · Adewale George Adeniyi2 · Samuel Ogunniyi2 · Comfort Abidemi Adeyanju2 Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Due to the unavailability of pipe-borne water in Nigeria, the idea of packaged drinking water in plastic bottles and sachets is now a common phenomenon in the country by private sector participation. The review aimed to evaluate and discuss the contamination issues on commercially available water in Nigeria. The review was conducted to synthesise the current body of knowledge in the research area to help present a proper perspective of the status quo. The result has shown that in most locations in the country, heavy metal pollution was still observable especially in sachet and bottled water. The result has shown that contamination by microbes, such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was rampant. Furthermore, the microbial contamination issues were more widespread than for heavy metals. This was an indictment of the regulatory bodies that have not fully enforced stricter measures to ensure good quality of water is available to the Nigerian populace. It is recommended that integrated water management systems be set up in most urban and suburban locations to ensure the availability of pipe-borne water. Considering the significance of the current issue to the achievement of the sustainable development goals, efforts must be made to implement technological strategies for the separation and/or degradation of pollutants from commercial water during production. Keywords Bottled water · Organic contaminants · Inorganic contaminants · Sachet water · Quality
Introduction For human existence and sustenance, freshwater is of importance (Abdullahi et al. 2020). Water is used for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes (Akoteyon et al. 2011). Paramount for sustaining public health is the provision of high-quality drinking water (Edokpayi et al. 2018). Having access to safe drinking water is an essential need for * Oluwaseun J. Ajala [email protected] * Joshua O. Ighalo [email protected] 1
Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Ilorin, P.M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, P. M. B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
3
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P. M. B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
4
Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B. 5025, Awka, Nigeria
wellbeing, livelihood and also for existence (Osikanmi et al. 2020). Water is very important in preventing diseases; risk of colon cancer can be decreased by 45% and bladder cancer by 50% as well as reducing the risk of other cancers when eight glasses of water are drank daily (Oparaocha et al. 2010). Water having good quality must be colourless, odourless, ta
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