Tajikistan Water Resources and Water Management Issues
The chapter addresses water resources, formation, use, and management in Tajikistan. The natural and geographical conditions and distribution of water resources by economic regions are analyzed. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the problems
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Water Resources of Tajikistan 3 Water Arteries of Tajikistan 4 Drainage Basin of the Amu Darya River 5 Water Resources of Lakes in Tajikistan 6 Hydropower Potential Management 7 Climate Impact on Water Management 8 Water Management and Energy Potential of Tajikistan 9 Conclusions References
Abstract The chapter addresses water resources, formation, use, and management in Tajikistan. The natural and geographical conditions and distribution of water resources by economic regions are analyzed. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the problems of water use and water management in Central Asia moved to the interstate level and were accompanied by an aggravation of political relations.
H. М. Mukhabbatov (*) Geography Department of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan e-mail: [email protected] S. S. Zhiltsov The Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia S.Yu. Witte Moscow University, Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] E. A. Markova Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Igor S. Zonn, Sergey S. Zhiltsov, Andrey G. Kostianoy, and Aleksandr V. Semenov (eds.), Water Resources Management in Central Asia, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_602, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
H. М. Mukhabbatov et al.
Such factors as demographic growth in the countries of the region, desertification processes, and climate warming had a negative impact. This has given particular relevance to the problem of water resources management in Tajikistan. Keywords Central Asia, Hydropower plants, Management, Regulation, Tajikistan, Water allocation, Water and energy resources, Water use
1 Introduction Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have problems in accumulation and transportation of runoffs to areas with a shortage in water resources which are limited only by technical and economic difficulties, but lower reaches of the Syr Darya and Amu Darya have water shortages associated with a lack of their own water resources. At the same time, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan control up to 90% of the region’s water resources [1]. During the period of the unified state planning and economic system, the issue of the water resources distribution between the republics of the region was resolved under the minutes of the USSR Ministry of Water Economy on the principle of “allocating water withdrawal limits” from the river trunk on an appropriate scale of the total river flow, with preference given to the main cotton producers. As a result, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan “received” only 25% of their own flow, but Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, respectively, 3.5, 5, and 12 times the amount of their own water resources. Such water allocation hampered the exploration of new irrigated areas and the development of agriculture in Tajikistan and
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