Contemporary Bali Contested Space and Governance

This book offers a comprehensive examination of spatial and environmental governance in contemporary Bali. In the era of decentralisation, Bali's eight district governments and one municipality acquired a strong sense of authority to extract revenues from

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BALI CONTESTED SPACE AND GOVERNANCE AGUNG WARDANA

Contemporary Bali

Agung Wardana

Contemporary Bali Contested Space and Governance

Agung Wardana Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia

ISBN 978-981-13-2477-2    ISBN 978-981-13-2478-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2478-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018964261 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Bruno Guerreiro This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

To: My Mentor, Dr. Carol Warren

Acknowledgements

I have taken up research on this topic not only out of intellectual curiosity, but also from a sense of personal responsibility. As a Balinese trained as a lawyer, I have been involved in environmental and spatial governance issues in Bali for some years. At first, I should admit that as a lawyer, I used to believe that in order to transform society we have to have laws in the first place. I naively assumed law, which is referred exclusively to state law, as the engine of change and the answer to all societal problems. In 2009, I had the privilege of becoming directly involved as an NGO representative on a legal drafting team to formulate the 2009 Provincial Regulation on Spatial Planning (Perda RTRW Bali No. 16/2009). With other NGO representatives on the team, we proposed including the Bhisama religious rulings, provincial strategic areas, and other measures, which we assumed would be able to address Bali’s current challenges. However, the outcomes from these efforts at regulation were not what had been expected. Hence, this research in which this book is derived was basically to understand why Bali’s s