Continuous wavelet transform analysis of ERG in patients with diabetic retinopathy
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Continuous wavelet transform analysis of ERG in patients with diabetic retinopathy Hamid Ahmadieh . Soroor Behbahani
. Sare Safi
Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is a stage of the disease that contains morphological and functional disruption of the retinal vasculature and dysfunction of retinal neurons. This study aimed to compare time and time–frequency-domain analysis in the evaluation of electroretinograms (ERGs) in subjects with NPDR. Method The ERG responses were recorded in 16 eyes from 12 patients with NPDR and 24 eyes from 12 healthy subjects as the control group. The implicit time, amplitude, and time–frequency-domain parameters of photopic and scotopic ERGs were analyzed. Results The implicit times of b-waves in the darkadapted 10.0 (P = 0.0513) and light-adapted 3.0 (P = 0.0414) were significantly increased in the NPDR group. The amplitudes of a- and b-wave showed a significantly decreased dark-adapted 10.0 H. Ahmadieh Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran S. Behbahani (&) Department of Biomedical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran e-mail: [email protected] S. Safi Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
(P = 0.0212; P = 0.0133) and light-adapted 3.0 (P = 0.0517; P = 0.0021) ERG of the NPDR group. The Cohen’s d effect size had higher values in the amplitude of dark-adapted 10.0 b-wave (|d|= 1.8058) and amplitude of light-adapted 3.0 b-wave (|d|= 1.9662). The CWT results showed that the frequency ranges of the dominant components in dark-adapted 10.0 and light-adapted 3.0 ERG were decreased in the NPDR group compared to the healthy group (P \ 0.05). The times associated with the NDPR group’s dominant components were increased compared to normal eyes in both dark-adapted 10.0 and light-adapted 3.0 ERG (P \ 0.05). All Cohen’s d effect sizes of the implicit times and dominant frequency components were on a large scale (|d|[ 1). Conclusion These findings suggest that the time and time–frequency parameters of both photopic and scotopic ERGs can be good indicators for DR. However, time–frequency-domain analysis could present more information might be helpful in the assessment of the DR severity. Keywords Continuous wavelet transform Diabetic retinopathy Dominant frequency Electroretinogram Abbreviations CRD Cone-rod dystrophy CRVO Central retinal vein occlusion CSNB Congenital stationary night blindness CWT Continuous wavelet transform
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Doc Ophthalmol
DWT ECG EEG ERG FFERG ISCEV NPDR OCT OPs PDR PhNR RP SD
Discrete wavelet transform Electrocardiogram Electroencephalogram Electroretinogram Full-
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