Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of the liver: a review of the clinical evidence for SonoVue and Sonazoid
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REVIEW
Contrast‑enhanced ultrasound imaging of the liver: a review of the clinical evidence for SonoVue and Sonazoid Richard G. Barr1,2 · Pintong Huang3 · Yan Luo4 · Xiaoyan Xie5 · Rongqin Zheng6 · Kun Yan7 · Xiang Jing8 · Yukun Luo9 · Huixiong Xu10 · Xiang Fei9 · Jeong Min Lee11
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has become an established modality in various clinical indications for liver diseases. SonoVue®, a pure blood pure agent, and Sonazoid®, which exhibits an additional Kupffer phase, are contrast agents approved for liver imaging. This review discusses and compares the current clinical evidence for these two ultrasound contrast agents in the characterization and detection of focal liver lesions in the non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic liver, as well as for the use in interventional procedures such as liver biopsy guidance, and local ablation treatment monitoring. Reference is made to clinical studies which evaluated the accuracy of CEUS using a standard of reference, its safety, or to comparative studies of these two agents. Keywords CEUS · Liver · Ultrasound contrast · Sonovue (Lumason) · Sonazoid
Introduction Ultrasound has proven to be a useful tool for liver disease diagnosis and treatment follow-up, due to its continuous real-time imaging capability, non-invasiveness, low cost compared to other imaging modalities, and bed-side convenience[1–3]. The introduction of ultrasound contrast agents has significantly expanded the role of ultrasonography in the management of patients with liver disease, both for diagnosis and for treatment guidance and follow-up. Indeed,
contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in liver imaging has been used in the European and Asiatic countries for more than 10 years. SonoVue® (Bracco Imaging SpA, Italy) and Sonazoid® (GE Healthcare Norway) are two second generation contrast agents approved for clinical use in CEUS of the liver in more than one country. SonoVue was first approved in 2001 in 15 European countries, and is currently registered in 44 countries, with global sales of over 1 million units in 2018, and has an extensive publication record [4–6]. Sonazoid was launched in Japan in 2007, and is currently registered in 4
Bracco Imaging S.p.A sponsored the meeting of the authors buthad no influence on the content of this manuscript. * Richard G. Barr [email protected] 1
Department of Radiology, Northeastern Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
2
Southwoods Imaging, 7623 Market Street, Youngstown, OH 44512, USA
3
Department of Ultrasound, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
4
Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
5
Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
6
Department of Ultrasound, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
7
Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
8
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