Contributing Factors to Success Rate of Orthodontic Mini-implants: Important but Ignored Results from Basic Researches
Among the numerous factors that can affect success or failure rates of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs), some factors are well studied but others are neglected or ignored in spite of basic and clinical importance. The purpose of this chapter was to descri
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Contributing Factors to Success Rate of Orthodontic Mini-implants: Important but Ignored Results from Basic Researches Il-Sik Cho and Seung-Hak Baek
Abstract
Among the numerous factors that can affect success or failure rates of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs), some factors are well studied but others are neglected or ignored in spite of basic and clinical importance. The purpose of this chapter was to describe important but ignored results from basic researches such as shape and microstructure of OMIs, surface treatment of OMIs, predrilling before OMI installation, microdamage in the cortical bone, wobbling of OMIs during manual installation, root contact with OMIs, and fracture properties of OMIs. If more concern about these issues would be given, better clinical results might be obtained.
3.1
Introduction
Orthodontists and other dentists have paid a lot of attention to installation and usage of orthodontic mini-implants (OMIs) in diverse clinical situations. The success rates of OMIs are known as 84–92 % [1–8].
I.-S. Cho, DDS, MSD, PhD (*) Department of Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Gurodong-Ro #148, Guro-Gu, Seoul 152-703, South Korea e-mail: [email protected] S.-H. Baek, DDS, MSD, PhD Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University, Daehak-Ro #101, Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-768, South Korea e-mail: [email protected]
There have been numerous studies about success or failure rates of OMIs including host factors (age, gender, skeletal pattern, oral hygiene, and inflammation), bone quality (thickness and stiffness), design of OMI (shape and diameter), and insertion and loading modality of OMI (implantation location, type of placement surgery, and immediate loading) [5, 6, 9–16]. Among these factors, some factors are well known but others are neglected or ignored despite of basic and clinical importance. Therefore, the authors would like to describe important but ignored results from basic researches such as shape and microstructure of OMIs, surface treatment of OMIs, predrilling before installation of OMIs, microdamage in the cortical bone during installation of OMIs, wobbling of OMIs during manual installation, root contact with OMIs, and fracture properties of OMIs.
K.B. Kim (ed.), Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Devices, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-55052-2_3, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
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3.2
Shape and Microstructure of OMIs
The conical or tapered OMIs are known to provide tighter contact between the OMI and bone and better initial stability than the cylindrical ones [13, 17, 18]. However, the conical or tapered OMIs are reported to produce higher stress in the cortical bone compared to the cylindrical ones with the same diameters [13, 19]. In the mechanical and histomorphometric analysis of beagle dog, Kim et al. [13] reported that the conical OMIs exhibited significantly higher maximum insertion and removal torque values than the cylindrical ones. However, there was no significant
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