Control-Oriented Impedance Matrix and Alternative Transient Control for Pipe Network Systems
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Control-Oriented Impedance Matrix and Alternative Transient Control for Pipe Network Systems Sang Hyun Kim 1 Received: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020/ # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract
In this study, a transient control method is proposed through the generation of an alternative transient in pipe network systems. A control-oriented transient analysis is performed to achieve transient control in the context of linear independence. The relationship between pressure head and discharge are incorporated into a controloriented impedance matrix and the response function is formulated from either the discharge or pressure head impulse to either a point-scale or integrated section pressure response, or their combination. A surge control scheme is proposed by integrating a metaheuristic algorithm into the superposition platform of the response functions. Application examples demonstrate that the proposed method is a potential platform for a centralized pressure management system in a pipe network. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme in an actual system is confirmed by the method’s feasible multiobjective formulation, efficient computational cost for real-time operation, and robustness against pressure noise in commercially available sensors. Keywords Pipeline system . Surge control . Active pressure cancellation . Impedance matrix . Valve control
1 Introduction A hydraulic transient generated in a pipeline system varies the flow velocity and pressure from its point of origin and propagates into other parts of the system. A large hydraulic transient amplitude can cause weak points or pipe sections to burst, loosen corroded material along vulnerable portions of the pipe wall, or damage pipeline equipment (e.g., joint and pump). Various hydraulic actions, such as sudden valve closure, rapid hydrant operation, and pump failure, are responsible for the generation of dangerous transients.
* Sang Hyun Kim [email protected]
1
Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, 2, Busangaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea 46241
Kim S.H.
Reducing the maximum pressure head to relieve the system of high internal forces and relax the minimum pressure head to prevent column separation are the most widely used surge control techniques (Jung and Karney 2019). To arrest surge, most pipeline systems utilize hydraulic devices (such as surge relief valves, surge tanks, air chambers, and bypass lines), which demand additional costs and impose operational restrictions. The appropriate design of surge protection devices and operating conditions has been investigated through means of optimization, such as the utilization of a metaheuristic engine on the discretized approximation platform (e.g., method of characteristics (MOC)) for momentum and continuity equations (Wylie and Streeter 1993; Chaudhry 2014). Further enhancements that consider the tradeoff between cost and security or refined reliability evaluation for cavitation are also based on the MOC (Jung et al. 2011; Zhang et al
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