Correction to: Characterization of Soft Rocks in Brazilian Coal Beds
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ck Mechanics and Engineering
Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering
Milton Kanji • Manchao He Luís Ribeiro e Sousa Editors
Soft Rock Mechanics and Engineering
Editors Milton Kanji Polytechnical School University of São Paulo São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Luís Ribeiro e Sousa Department of Civil Engineering University of Porto Porto, Portugal
Manchao He State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Tongji University Beijing, China
ISBN 978-3-030-29476-2 ISBN 978-3-030-29477-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29477-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Presentation
The science of rock mechanics was developed as a result of the activities of rock engineering, basically derived from tunnels, slopes, dam foundations, and mining workings in hard rock containing discontinuities. It developed specific theories and methods to include such features, being known as a science for “discontinuous” media, while soil mechanics, the parent science, basically considers “continuum” mechanics. For the study of rock mechanics, specific equipment and apparatus were developed for laboratory and in situ investigation, requiring means to cut, perforate, sample, and test hard materials, to determine shear strength, deformability, physical properties, in situ stresses, and so on. However, in many occasions, geotechnical and rock engineers have to deal with working sites dominated by rocks with impaired properties, such as rocks of low strength or weathered materials or rock masses with weakening aspects, as for instance, excessive jointing, faulting, solution cavities, weak in
