Correction to: Technical and Industrial Applications of CO2
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An Economy Based on Carbon Dioxide and Water Potential of Large Scale Carbon Dioxide Utilization
An Economy Based on Carbon Dioxide and Water
Michele Aresta Iftekhar Karimi Sibudjing Kawi Editors
An Economy Based on Carbon Dioxide and Water Potential of Large Scale Carbon Dioxide Utilization
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Editors Michele Aresta IC2R srl, Lab H124, Tecnopolis Valenzano, Italy
Iftekhar Karimi Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
Sibudjing Kawi Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
ISBN 978-3-030-15867-5 ISBN 978-3-030-15868-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15868-2
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2019936294 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
The Carbon Dioxide Problem Surface (biomass) and sub-surface (fossil-C such as coal, oil, gas) C-based assets have been, and will be for long time yet, used as source of energy and goods by humans. The use of all such materials causes the formation of CO2, which is emitted into the atmosphere. The intensity of the emission of CO2 has continuously grown and parallels the growth of both the population and average standard of life. (Figs. 1 and 2). This has caused the continuous accumulation of atmospheric CO2 which has reached 408 ppm these days with respect to 275 ppm of the preindustrial era. The atmospheric level of CO2 is the “warning light” for the “health” of our planet. A correlation exists between the consumption of energy—the CO2 emission—the accumulation in the atmosphere and the increase of the planet temperature (Figs. 3 and 4) that may
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