Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 1.0 M HCl by Amino Compound: Electrochemical and DFT Studies
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NTRODUCTION
THE use of acid solution during pickling and industrial cleaning leads to corrosive attack on mild steel.[1] Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is one of the most widely agents used.[2] The corrosion of mild steel is of fundamental academic and industrial concern and has received a considerable amount of attention. Rocha et al.[3] and Tang at al.[4] reported that the form of corrosion for mild steel in HCl media is a uniform type. The protection of mild steel against corrosion can be achieved by adding organic compounds in small concentrations to the environment.[4,5] A survey of literature reveals that the applicability of organic compounds as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic media has been recognized for a long time. The most effective and efficient inhibitors are the organic compounds that have p bonds, hetero atoms (P, S, N, and O), and inorganic compounds, such as chromate, dichromate, and nitrite.[5] Issaadi et al.[6] studied the thiophene symmetrical Schiff base compounds as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl. They found that the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl reduces with increasing concentration of inhibitor. Negm et al.[7] investigated the inhibitory effects of some di-quaternary ammonium surfactants for mild steel in 0.5 M HCl. They observed that the corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the studied compounds depend on their
AHMED Y. MUSA, Senior Lecturer, is with the Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia and Research Scientist, with the Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. Contact e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] ABU BAKAR MOHAMAD, ABDUL AMIR H. KADHUM, and MOHD SOBRI TAKRIFF, Professors, are with the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Manuscript submitted February 13, 2011. Article published online May 17, 2012 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
surface activities, and the increase of the surface activity increases the corrosion inhibition efficiency and vice versa. In addition, increasing the dose of the studied compounds decreases the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 HCl due to their tendency toward adsorption. Zhao et al.[8] reported the dibenzo (1,4,8,11) tetraaza (14) annulene nickel as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl. They found that the corrosion rate for mild steel decreases with increasing inhibitor concentration. Solmaz et al.[9] studied the inhibitive effect of 2-mercaptothiazoline on corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl. They observed that the corrosion rate for mild steel in HCl reduces upon the addition of the studied compounds. The reduction in the corrosion rate of mild steel is attributed to the adherent adsorption of the studied compound molecules on the mild steel surface and protective film formation. The effect of the molecular structure on the chemical reactivity has been the object of great interest in several disciplines of chemistry. Quantum chemical calculations proved to be a ver
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