Cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency improvements for a residential building stock in a Danish district heating area
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cost-effectiveness of energy efficiency improvements for a residential building stock in a Danish district heating area Mattia Baldini · Morten Brøgger · Henrik K. Jacobsen · Kim B. Wittchen
Received: 16 July 2019 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The residential building stock holds a large energy efficiency improvement potential related to energy upgrading of the building envelope. Details about the heterogeneity of the building stock are paramount to perform a proper assessment of attractive energy efficiency improvements for end-users. Based on a sample of buildings, the study develops methods to identify potentials for heterogeneous building-tailored energy efficiency improvements, to reduce heat consumption, and evaluates their costeffectiveness in the framework of a district heating area in Denmark. The study accounts for rebound
M. Baldini () · H. K. Jacobsen Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 424, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] H. K. Jacobsen e-mail: [email protected] M. Brøgger · K. B. Wittchen Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450, Copenhagen, Denmark M. Brøgger e-mail: [email protected] K. B. Wittchen e-mail: [email protected]
effects and develops both technical (gross) and more realistic (net) potentials, allowing a more accurate analysis of attractive energy efficiency improvements. The analysis is novel as the underlying model relies on building characteristics rather than synthetic archetypes, which can lead to loss of diversity (e.g. in variation of costs and potentials) and thereby discarding cost-effective potentials. The analysis also investigates the sensitivity of the results to assumptions about the discount rate and focuses on the effect of exposing the end-user to different district heating tariffs and the consequent total cost-effective investments. The outcomes show that costeffective energy efficiency improvements vary considerably, in size and type, among the heterogeneous building stock considered. In regard to district heating tariffs, when all the cost components are variable, the total cost-effective potential increases considerably, with specific energy efficiency improvements distributed differently among building categories, and with the cost components providing different incentives to invest. Heterogeneity, and different tariff policies, thus does matter, when evaluating economically attractive investments in energy efficiency improvements for buildings. Keywords Cost-effective energy efficiency improvements · Heterogeneous building characteristics · District heating tariffs · Energy performance certificates · Rebound effects
Energy Efficiency
Introduction In the framework of mapping paths towards a more sustainable future, energy efficiency and renewable energy-based technologies can provide cost-effective ways of decarbonising the European energy system (Baldini and Klinge Jacobsen 2016). Fro
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