Coupling of Cu Catalyst and Phosphonated Ru Complex Light Absorber with TiO 2 as Bridge to Achieve Superior Visible Ligh
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Coupling of Cu Catalyst and Phosphonated Ru Complex Light Absorber with TiO2 as Bridge to Achieve Superior Visible Light CO2 Photoreduction Rongjie Xu1 · Hua Xu2 · Shangbo Ning1 · Qiqi Zhang1 · Zhongshan Yang1 · Jinhua Ye1,3,4 Received: 16 May 2020 / Revised: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 June 2020 © Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Visible light photocatalytic C O2 conversion is a promising solution to global warming and energy shortage. Herein, we build a well-designed bridge-like nanostructure, that is, the phosphonated Ru complex (RuP) light absorber–TiO2 bridge–Cu catalyst. In this nanostructure, brookite TiO2 serving as a bridge is spatially connected to the RuP and Cu on each of its sides and could thus physically separate the photoexcited holes and electrons over the RuP and Cu, respectively. Given its effective charge separation, this RuP–TiO2–Cu assembly exhibits superior C O2 photoreduction activity relative to RuP–SiO2–Cu under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The catalytic activity is further optimized by adopting brookite TiO2 with various electronic band structures. Results reveal the rapid movement of electrons from the RuP through the conduction band of TiO2 and finally to the Cu surface. This property is crucial in CO2 photoreduction activity. Keywords Visible light photocatalysis · CO2 photoreduction · Spatial charge separation
Introduction CO2 photoreduction offers an important technology for the mitigation of the greenhouse effect and generation of renewable transportation fuels. Such artificial photosynthesis is designed for the photoreduction of CO2 and H2O to produce Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12209-020-00264-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hua Xu [email protected] * Jinhua Ye [email protected] 1
TJU‑NIMS International Collaboration Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
3
International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI‑MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1‑1, Tsukuba‑Shi, Ibaraki 305‑0044, Japan
4
Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060‑0814, Japan
CO and hydrocarbons, such as CH4 and C2H4 [1–5]. Despite the extensive efforts directed toward the components and dynamics of these systems, the photocatalysts developed for CO2 reduction suffer from low efficiency in the visible part of the solar spectrum and low multielectron transfer, which is necessary for chemical reduction [1, 2]. For the effective utilization of solar light, visible light absorbers, such as the polypyridyl complex of ruthenium (such as the complex tris(2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium Ru(bpy)2+ 3 ), are commonly employed as light absorbers to photos
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