COVID-19 and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment; Mystery or Not
On December 31, 2019, novel SARS-CoV2 spread from Wuhan China to more than 200 territories around world and the World Health Organization declared a COVID-19 pandemic on January 30, 2020. At this time there is no particular therapy, drug or vaccine availa
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COVID-19 and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment; Mystery or Not Tunc Akkoc
Abstract
On December 31, 2019, novel SARS-CoV2 spread from Wuhan China to more than 200 territories around world and the World Health Organization declared a COVID-19 pandemic on January 30, 2020. At this time there is no particular therapy, drug or vaccine available to deal with COVID-19. Today actual data indicates that about 17% of closed COVID-19 cases died. Health care professionals, ministry of health in countries and the public are trying to read the runes to see when the COVID-19 pandemic will be over. Although mild cases of COVID-19 can be controlled with antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory treatment, severe cases may need intensive care unit support and ventilation. Cytokine storms cause high inflammatory responses and pneumonia in severe cases. Mesenchymal stem cells are immunomodulatory and they have regenerative capacity. In this sense, mesenchymal stem cells may improve the patient’s clinical and immunological response to COVID-19. Keywords
COVID-19 · Cytokine storm · Mesenchymal stem cells · Multiorgan failure · SARS CoV-2 T. Akkoc (*) Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
Abbreviations ACE2 ARDS CLR CoV COVID-19 CP CRP CRS CT GGOs HCQ HIV Ig IL IP-10 or CXCL10 MCP-1 MERS-CoV MIP-lα MOD N NOD PAMPs Rt-PCR
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 acute respiratory distress syndrome C-type lectin receptor Corona viruses Coronavirus Disease 2019 convalescent plasma C-reactive protein cytokine release syndrome Chest computerized tomography ground glass opacities Hydroxychloroquine human immunodeficient virus Immunoglobulin Interleukin human interferon-inducible protein 10 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha multiorgan dysfunction nucleocapsid protein Nod-like receptor pathogen associated molecular patterns reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
T. Akkoc
S SARS-CoV TNF-α
1
spike protein severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus tumor necrosis factor alpha
Introduction
As of May 9, 2020, 4,032,763 million cases of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide. A total of 212 countries and territories are affected around the world. Within closed cases, about 1,399,718 patients recovered (83%) and 276,677 died (17%) (worldometers.info). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is the responsible causative virus for the infection and it spread worldwide dramatically in a short time. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Subsequently, on March 11th, it was declared a pandemic as it had spread to 113 countries (who.int). COVID-19 shows complexity with different clinical outcomes. Patients may remain asymptomatic or show mild to severe symptoms up to pneumonia or not. The mos
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