COVID-19: Antiviral Agents, Antibody Development and Traditional Chinese Medicine
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REVIEW
COVID-19: Antiviral Agents, Antibody Development and Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenyi Guan1 • Wendong Lan1 • Jing Zhang2 • Shan Zhao1 • Junxian Ou1 • Xiaowei Wu1 • Yuqian Yan1 Jianguo Wu2 • Qiwei Zhang1,2
•
Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 Ó Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS 2020
Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the first pandemic caused by coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there is no effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug approved worldwide for treatment of patients with COVID-19. Therapeutic options in response to the COVID-19 outbreak are urgently needed. To facilitate the better and faster development of therapeutic COVID-19 drugs, we present an overview of the global promising therapeutic drugs, including repurposing existing antiviral agents, network-based pharmacology research, antibody development and traditional Chinese medicine. Among all these drugs, we focus on the most promising drugs (such as favipiravir, tocilizumab, SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine, Lianhua Qingwen, interferon beta-1a, remdesivir, etc.) that have or will enter the final stage of human testing—phase III–IV clinical trials. Keywords Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Updates Drug repositioning Network-based pharmacology Antibody Traditional Chinese medicine
Introduction Since the end of 2019, an increasing cases of pneumonia were reported in Wuhan, followed by other cities and provinces in China as well as many other countries (Huang C et al. 2020). On 7 January 2020, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was initially isolated from a patient and then the complete genome was analyzed (Zhu et al. 2020). Later, this novel coronavirus was identified as the cause and named SARS-CoV-2 officially by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). On January 30, 2020, WHO declared the coronavirus outbreak become a public-health emergency of international concern
& Qiwei Zhang [email protected] 1
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
(PHEIC) (Ko et al. 2020). On February 11, 2020, WHO announced a name for this new coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Gorbalenya et al. 2020). Soon, the viruses have spread to many countries, including Asia, Europe, Americas, and Australia. On March 11, WHO characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. As of September 2, 2020, 25,602,665 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported globally and 852,758 people are dead due of COVID-19, with the estimated fatality rate of 3.33% (WHO 2020). This on-going C
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