COVID-19 Quarantine-Related Mental Health Symptoms and their Correlates among Mothers: A Cross Sectional Study
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COVID‑19 Quarantine‑Related Mental Health Symptoms and their Correlates among Mothers: A Cross Sectional Study Somaya H. Malkawi1 · Khader Almhdawi2 · Alaa F. Jaber2 · Nisrin S. Alqatarneh3 Accepted: 5 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background One of the strictest quarantines worldwide to limit the spread of coronavirus was enforced in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives This study investigated reported mental health and changes in lifestyle practices among Jordanian mothers during COVID-19 quarantine. The specific objectives included studying the level of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and their potential statistical associations with demographic and lifestyle variables. Furthermore, the study aimed to investigate differences in mental health between different demographic and socio-economic groups and to examine the major lifestyle changes that occurred on mothers during the quarantine. Methods An online survey was developed and administered to 2103 mothers. Participants were asked to complete a sociodemographic data form, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and a lifestyle section comparing the life of mothers before and during the quarantine. Reported scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were calculated and compared across different levels of demographics including income, education level, employment status, and city of residence. Results This study found that mothers with lower income, lower education, not employed, or living in cities outside the capital of Jordan reported having more depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (p < .005). Changes in their lifestyle practices included weight gain, increased time allocated for teaching children at home, increased familial violence at home, and increased time allocated for caring for their family members (average increase of 5 hours daily). Conclusions for Practice The unprecedented times of quarantine have put mothers in unprecedented reported mental health problems. Providing psychological support to this group might be a priority. Keywords COVID-19 quarantine · Mothers · Mental health · Psychological symptoms · Lifestyle changes
Significance Statement * Somaya H. Malkawi [email protected] Khader Almhdawi [email protected] Alaa F. Jaber [email protected] Nisrin S. Alqatarneh [email protected] 1
Occupational Therapy Department, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al Abdallah St. Amman, Amman 11942, Jordan
2
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
3
Occupational Therapy Department/Faculty of Applied Health Science, Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
The impact of COVID-19 quarantine on the mental health of several populations is well documented in recent literature. However, none of these studies focused on the mental health of mothers. This study contributes to the understanding of maternal mental health during the restric
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