Crashworthiness analysis and collaborative optimization design for a novel crash-box with re-entrant auxetic core
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Crashworthiness analysis and collaborative optimization design for a novel crash-box with re-entrant auxetic core Tao Wang 1 & Zhen Li 1 & Liangmo Wang 1 & Gregory M. Hulbert 2 Received: 15 September 2019 / Revised: 8 February 2020 / Accepted: 3 March 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Crash-box is a significant part of automotive passive safety system and serves as a main energy absorption device in frontal impact scenario. In this paper, a novel crash-box integrating an outer thin-walled tube and an inner auxetic cellular core has been designed and comprehensively investigated under axial load. The impact simulation of the auxetic crash-box has been carried out, and the results show that introduction of the auxetic core can improve its energy absorption capacity without increasing too much peak impact force. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the effects of its geometric parameters on the crashworthiness performance have been studied. Finally, collaborative optimization of the auxetic crash-box has been performed to simultaneously improve its crashworthiness under the low-speed (15 km/h) and high-speed (40 km/h) impact cases. In the optimization procedure, the least square support vector regression (LS-SVR) method and an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm with time-varying coefficients have been utilized. The results demonstrate that the optimized crash-box can comprehensively improve the energy absorption and impact force characteristics effectively. The auxetic crash-box and the collaborative optimization approach provide extensive references for the application of auxetic structure in vehicle crashworthiness design. Keywords Crash-box . Auxetic structure . Crashworthiness . Sensitivity analysis . Collaborative optimization
1 Introduction With the rapid development of the world’s automobile industry, the vehicle ownership retains sustained growth, and accordingly, the growth rate of traffic accidents is amazing. Passive safety system is designed to protect the life and physical integrity of passengers and pedestrians during the actual impact (Etienne 2012). Even though automotive companies display a future without accident by developing autonomous driving technology, the intervention of passive safety system is still the final security measure upon impact. As main part of passive safety system, crash-box deforms evidently in a low-
Responsible Editor: Qing Li * Tao Wang [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
speed frontal impact, absorbing almost 60% of impact energy (Zhu et al. 2017). The design and performance evaluation of crash-box is performed on the basis of the Research Council for Automobile Repairs (RCAR) requirements (Kim et al. 2014). As extended from the RCAR regulations, crash-box is functionally located as a “soft zone” in vehicle crashw
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