A novel hollow core photonic sensor for liquid analyte detection in the terahertz spectrum: design and analysis
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A novel hollow core photonic sensor for liquid analyte detection in the terahertz spectrum: design and analysis Mohammad Rakibul Islam1 · Md. Arif Hossain1 · Khandoker Md. Abu Talha1 · Rezoana Karim Munia1 Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A novel hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed for biochemical analyte detection in the terahertz regime. The prime objective of the work is to increase the sensitivity but other significant features like effective material loss, confinement loss, effective area, numerical aperture and dispersion have been thoroughly investigated over a wide bandwidth using COMSOL version 5.3. Numerical simulation shows that a maximum chemical sensitivity of 99.76% 99.44% and 99.39% can be obtained for benzene, water and methanol respectively at optimum operating conditions. The symmetry in design makes the proposed structure easily feasible to be fabricated using the existing fabrication technologies. Thus it is believed that the proposed PCF has the potential due to its higher sensitivity and lower effective material loss to uplift the standard of PCF sensors and open a new window in this field of research. Keywords Photonic crystal fiber · Sensor · Birefringence · Chemical sensor
1 Introduction Fiber optics is a fundamental component of modern communication systems. It has been revolutionized with the implementation of many new technologies with lots of novel practical applications and has seen a steady state growth in this century. Worldwide communication systems have been affected in a fascinating way with these new improvements (Sidek and Afzal 2011; Yeh et al. 1978; Knight et al. 1996). Although classical optical fiber seems suitable for many conventional telecom or non-telecom applications, it exhibits restraints in many novel applications due to their structural constraints. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are the newest addition to the class of optical fiber bringing together the properties of photonic crystals and optical fiber harnessing novel characteristics that are rare among conventional optical fibers. Different parameters like lattice pitch, air hole shape and diameter,
* Mohammad Rakibul Islam [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh
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refractive index of glass/polymer, type of lattice, can be explored due to the flexible nature of PCF design. Advanced PCF based sensors enable novel applications like measurement of physical and chemical parameters which make them convenient for chemical and biological sensing of low index materials, remote sensing and bacteria detection (Cubillas et al. 2013). The idea of PCF-based bend sensor was presented for the first time in 2000 (Blanchard et al. 2000). PCF optical pressure sensors can work perfectly in any harsh environments having benefit of their high sensitivi
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