Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Analysis of an Ecological Adaptation
The acid metabolism of certain succulent plants, now known as Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) has fascinated plant physiologists and biochemists for the last one and a half centuries. However, since the basic discoveries of De Saussure in 1804 that ste
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Volume 30
Manfred Kluge · Irwin P. Ting
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Analysis of an Ecological Adaptation
With 112 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1978
Professor Dr. M. KLUGE Institut fUr Botanik, Technische Hochschule SchnittspahnstraBe 3-5, 6100 Darmstadt/FRG Professor I. P. TING Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, CA 92521/USA
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-67040-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-67038-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-67038-1 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Kluge, Manfred, 1936-. Crassulacean acid metabolism. (Ecological studies; v. 30). Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Crassulacean acid metabolism. 2. Acclimatization (Plants). 3. Botany-Ecology. 1. Ting, Irwin P.,joint author. II. Title. III. Series. QK881.K56.582'OI'33.78-12658. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1978 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1978 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Acknowledgments The preparation of this monograph would not have been possible without our many colleagues, associates, and students who contributed so much to our understanding of the physiology and ecology of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism plants. We are most grateful to Ph. Chimiklis, Z.Hanscom, O. L. Lange, U. Llittge, R. Marcelle, S. K. Mukerji, T. Neales, C. B. Osmond, O. Queiroz, B. Sutton, and S. Szarek who contributed directly. Our colleagues P. N. Avadhani, W. Laetsch, W. W. Thomson, D.J. v. Willert, and K. Winter were generous in allowing us to use unpublished photographs and micrographs. We also thank Rosalia Heger, Doris Schafer, and Fanita Terry for preparation of many figures throughout the text. Further, we must express our appreciation to the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the U. S. National Science Foundation for financial support of our own personal research programs on CAM. The Botanic Gardens at the University of California, Berkeley, has been most generous in allowing the use of facilities and access to succulent plants. Our manuscript, of course, was not complete until typed by Inge Hill and Irene Schmidt, to whom we are grateful. Finally, we must thank Konrad Springer for his help and encouragement during the preparation of the manuscript. December, 1978
MANFRED KLUGE IRWIN P. TING
Contents
Introduction.
1
Terminology
3
1. Taxonomy and Geographical Distribution of CAM Plants
5
1.1 1.2 1.
