The Social Metabolism A Socio-Ecological Theory of Historical Change
Today, the most notable feature of the modern world is the growing concern for the future, since human society is immersed in a “giant, uncontrolled experiment” (McNeill, 2000), which it has caused, where natural and social processes are connected in an u
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Manuel González de Molina Víctor M. Toledo
The Social Metabolism A Socio-Ecological Theory of Historical Change
Environmental History Volume 3
Series editor Mauro Agnoletti, Firenze, Italy
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10168
Manuel González de Molina Víctor M. Toledo
The Social Metabolism A Socio-Ecological Theory of Historical Change
123
Manuel González de Molina Geografía, Historia y Filosofía Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
Víctor M. Toledo UNAM Campus Morelia Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas Morelia, Michoacán Mexico
ISSN 2211-9019 ISSN 2211-9027 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-319-06357-7 ISBN 978-3-319-06358-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-06358-4 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014941090 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
To Esther and Manolo… To Patricia, Emanuel and Emilio, once again…
It is not the unity of living and active humanity with the natural, inorganic conditions of their metabolic exchange with nature, and hence their appropriation of nature, which require explanation or is the result of a historical process, but rather the separation between these inorganic conditions of human
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