CRISPR/Cas technology promotes the various application of Dunaliella salina system

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CRISPR/Cas technology promotes the various application of Dunaliella salina system Shuying Feng 1 & Lina Hu 2 & Qihang Zhang 2 & Fangqing Zhang 2 & Jingxia Du 2 & Gaofeng Liang 2 & Aifang Li 1,2 & Guannan Song 2 & Yu Liu 2 Received: 26 February 2020 / Revised: 1 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Dunaliella salina (D. salina) has been widely applied in various fields because of its inherent advantages, such as the study of halotolerant mechanism, wastewater treatment, recombinant proteins expression, biofuel production, preparation of natural materials, and others. However, owing to the existence of low yield or in the laboratory exploration stage, D. salina system has been greatly restricted for practical production of various components. In past decade, significant progresses have been achieved for research of D. salina in these fields. Among them, D. salina as a novel expression system demonstrated a bright prospect, especially for large-scale production of foreign proteins, like the vaccines, antibodies, and other therapeutic proteins. Due to the low efficiency, application of traditional regulation tools is also greatly limited for exploration of D. salina system. The emergence of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system offers a precise editing tool to overcome the obstacles of D. salina system. This review not only comprehensively summarizes the recent progresses of D. salina in domain of gene engineering but also gives a deep analysis of problems and deficiencies in different fields of D. salina. Moreover, further prospects of CRISPR/Cas system and its significant challenges have been discussed in various aspects of D. salina. It provides a great referencing value for speeding up the maturity of D. salina system, and also supplies practical guiding significance to expand the new application fields for D. salina. Key points • The review provides recent research progresses of various applications of D. salina. • The problems and deficiencies in different fields of D. salina were deeply analyzed. • The further prospects of CRISPR/Cas technology in D. salina system were predicted. • CRISPR/Cas system will promote the new application fields and maturity for D. salina. Keywords D. salina . CRISPR/Cas system . Gene editing . Large-scale production . Application prospect

Introduction Following the advent of algae era, microalgae has involved various research fields, such as the food (Sui and Vlaeminck Shuying Feng and Lina Hu contributed equally to this work. * Shuying Feng [email protected] 1

The School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156, Jinshui East Road, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China

2

The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, No. 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China

2019), feed (Boiago et al. 2019), cosmetic (Apone et al. 2019), wastewater treatment (Wu et al. 2019a, b), expression system (Ko