Critical role of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA ( HOTAIR ) in gliomas
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REVIEW
Critical role of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) in gliomas Efthalia Angelopoulou 1 & Yam Nath Paudel 2 & Christina Piperi 1 Received: 5 June 2020 / Revised: 17 September 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Despite extensive research, gliomas are associated with high morbidity and mortality, mainly attributed to the rapid growth rate, excessive invasiveness, and molecular heterogeneity, as well as regenerative potential of cancer stem cells. Therefore, elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms and the identification of potential molecular diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are of paramount importance. HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a well-studied long noncoding RNA, playing an emerging role in tumorigenesis of several human cancers. A growing amount of preclinical and clinical evidence highlights the pro-oncogenic role of HOTAIR in gliomas, mainly attributed to the enhancement of proliferation and migration, as well as inhibition of apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that HOTAIR modulates the activity of specific transcription factors, such as MXI1, E2F1, ATF5, and ASCL1, and regulates the expression of cell cycle–associated genes along with related signaling pathways, like the Wnt/β-catenin axis. Moreover, it can interact with specific miRNAs, including miR-326, miR-141, miR-148b-3p, miR-15b, and miR-126-5p. Of importance, HOTAIR has been demonstrated to enhance angiogenesis and affect the permeability of the blood–tumor barrier, thus modulating the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we provide evidence on the functional role of HOTAIR in gliomas and discuss the benefits of its targeting as a novel approach toward glioma treatment. Keywords HOTAIR . Gliomas . Intergenic RNA . Cell cycle . Wnt/β-catenin . Biomarker
Abbreviations HOTAIR HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA ASCL1 Achaete-scute homolog 1 ATF5 Activating transcription factor 5 APC Adenomatous polyposis coli ANRIL Antisense ncRNA in the INK4 locus Bcl-xL B cell lymphoma-extra-large BET Bromodomain and extraterminal BRD4 Bromodomain containing 4 SNORD76 C/D box snoRNA U76 CCLE Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia CNS Central nervous system * Christina Piperi [email protected] 1
Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
2
Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
CGGA CD300A CRNDE CDK2 CDK4 H3K4me2 ADAM22 EED EZH2 EGFR EMT FGF1 FGFR GSEA GWAS GSCs GSH GSK3β GAS5 HDAC1
Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Cluster of differentiation 300A Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Dimethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 22 Embryonic ectoderm development Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 Epidermal growt
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