Cross-layer congestion control of wireless sensor networks based on fuzzy sliding mode control
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cross-layer congestion control of wireless sensor networks based on fuzzy sliding mode control Shaocheng Qu1 • Liang Zhao1 • Zhili Xiong1,2 Received: 11 November 2019 / Accepted: 23 January 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) act as a building block of Internet of Things and have been used in various applications to sense environment and transmit data to the Internet. However, WSNs are very vulnerable to congestion problem, resulting in higher packet loss ratio, longer delay and lower throughput. To address this issue, this paper presents a fuzzy sliding mode congestion control algorithm (FSMC) for WSNs. Firstly, by applying the signal-to-noise ratio of wireless channel to TCP model, a new cross-layer congestion control model between transmission layer and MAC layer is proposed. Then, by combining fuzzy control with sliding mode control (SMC), a fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) is designed, which adaptively regulates the queue length of buffer in congested nodes and significantly reduces the impact of external uncertain disturbance. Finally, numerous simulations are implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and NS-2.35 by comparing with traditional control strategies such as fuzzy, PID and SMC, which show that the proposed FSMC effectively adapts to the change of queue length and has good performance, such as rapid convergence, lower average delay, less packet loss ratio and higher throughput. Keywords Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) Internet of Things (IoT) Cross-layer congestion control Fuzzy sliding mode control NS-2.35
1 Introduction Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) is playing a significant role in achieving various real-world applications, such as agricultural monitoring, intelligent transportation, disaster prediction and smart cities [1]. Within IoT framework, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) act as a bridge that connects the ‘‘things’’ in the physical world to the virtual digital world. In a WSN, a group of tiny sensors or actuators are wirelessly connected with each other, capable of collecting, computing and transmitting sensory data to the Internet [2, 3]. However, owing to open characteristics like large-scale, self-organizing, dynamic topology and battery& Zhili Xiong [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, College of Physical Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
2
School of Electric Information, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
constrained, WSNs are very vulnerable to congestion problem, resulting in unsatisfactory situations such as higher packet loss ratio, longer delay and lower throughput [4]. Generally speaking, there are two representative reasons for congestion problem in WSNs [5]: (1) buffer overflow and (2) link collision. As shown in Fig. 1a, buffer overflow (node-level congestion) occurs when the number of transmitted packets exceeds the packet ha
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