Cross-Layer Protocols for WSNs
Most of the proposed communication protocols exploiting the collaborative nature of WSNs and its correlation characteristics improve energy efficiency. However, they follow the traditional layered protocol architectures; specifically, the majority of thes
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Cross-Layer Protocols for WSNs
The truth is deceiving ... it is not what appears to be.
5.1 Why Cross-Layering in WSNs WSNs achieved a collaborative sensing notion to overcome resource constraints thru adopting the networked deployment of sensor nodes. Moreover, spatiotemporal correlation is a significant characteristic of sensor networks (Vuran and Akyildiz 2006): • Dense deployment of sensor nodes makes the sensor observations highly correlated in the space domain with noticeable effect of internode proximity. • Some of WSN applications such as event tracking require sensor nodes to periodically sample and communicate the sensed event features, yielding temporal correlation between each consecutive observation of a sensor node. Most of the proposed communication protocols exploiting the collaborative nature of WSNs and its correlation characteristics improve energy efficiency. However, they follow the traditional layered protocol architectures; specifically, the majority of these communication protocols are individually developed for different networking layers, i.e., transport, network, medium access control (MAC), and physical layers. While they may realize high performance in terms of the metrics related to each of these individual layers, they are not jointly optimized to maximize the overall network performance while minimizing the energy expenditure. Considering the scarce energy and processing resources of WSNs, joint optimization, and design of networking layers, i.e., cross-layer design, stands as the most promising alternative to inefficient traditional layered protocol architectures. The basic principle of cross-layer design is to make information available to all levels of the protocol stack. It allows the definition of protocols or mechanisms that do not meet the isolation layers of the OSI model (van der Schaar and Shankar © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 H. M. A. Fahmy, Concepts, Applications, Experimentation and Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks, Signals and Communication Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58015-5_5
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5 Cross-Layer Protocols for WSNs
2005; Srivastava and Motani 2005). In fact, cross-layer integration and design techniques result in significant improvement in terms of energy conservation in WSNs (van Hoesel et al. 2004;Yetgin et al. 2015). Several researches started by focusing on the cross-layer interaction and design to develop new communication protocols (Melodia et al. 2005). Yet, these works either provide analytical results without communication protocol design or perform pairwise cross-layer design within limited scope, e.g., only MAC and network layers, which do not consider all of the networking layers involved in WSNs communication, such as transport, network, MAC, and physical layers. Considering the scarce energy and processing resources of WSNs, joint optimization, and design of networking layers, i.e., cross-layer design, stands as the most promising alternative to inefficient traditional layered protocol architectures. There are co
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