Crossroad of Arts, Crossroad of Cultures Ecphrasis in Russian and Fr

Crossroad of Arts, Crossroad of Cultures is the first book-length study of the aesthetic similarities between the French Parnassians, a 19th-century group of poets led by Théophile Gautier, and the Russian Acmeist poets, including Osip Mandelstam and Anna

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Crossroad of Arts, Crossroad of Cultures Ecphrasis in Russian and French Poetry

Maria Rubins

CROSSROAD OF ARTS, CROSSROAD OF CULTURES

© Maria Rubins, 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-312-22951-1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published 2000 by PALGRAVE 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y.10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global publishing imprint of St. Martin ‘s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-62738-7 ISBN 978-1-349-62736-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-62736-3 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rubins, Maria Crossroad of arts, crossroad of cultures : ecphrasis in Russian and French poetry / by Maria Rubins p. cm. “Translation of poetry by Noah Rubins, unless otherwise indicated.” Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Russian poetry—20th century—History and criticism. 2. French poetry—19th Century—History and criticism. 3. Acmeism. 4. Parnassianism. 5. Ekphrasis. 6. Art and Literature. 7. Words in art. RG3065.A24 R83 2000 891.71’09357—dc21 00–036906 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Letra Libre, Inc. First edition: December, 2000 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Table of Contents Acknowledgments List of Illustrations

vii ix

Introduction

1

Chapter 1 Breaching the Boundaries:The European Inter-Arts Tradition

7

Chapter 2 Parnasse and the Visual Arts

31

Chapter 3 The Parnassian Roots of Acmeist Poetics

85

Chapter 4 Russian Literature and the Plastic Arts: The Pre-Acmeist Tradition

109

Chapter 5 A Trio from the Acmeist Entourage: Annensky,Voloshin, and Kuzmin

147

Chapter 6 Acmeist Ecphrasis between Tradition and Modernity

171

Conclusion

243

Notes Bibliography Index

245 283 297

Acknowledgements

T

his book has been written over the course of several years between Boston, Istanbul, Paris, Saint Petersburg, and New York. It was shaped by different climates, cultures, and people, some of whom I would like to mention here with heartfelt gratitude. At its inception, this book was to become my doctoral dissertation, and I would like to thank Professor Michael Shapiro of Brown University for his general endorsement of my chosen subject and for the guidance he provided as my academic advisor. I am also indebted to Professor Claude Carey of Brown University for her enthusiasm about my work and her attention to detail in reviewing the manuscript. I was lucky enough to benefit repeatedly from the expertise of Dr. Sonia I. Ketchian, associate at the Davis Center for Russian Studies at Harvard University, one of the most authoritative scholars of Akhmatova and Acmeism. Since my arrival in the United States ten years ago, Professor Elena Krasnostchekova of the Universit