Crosstalk between GA and JA signaling mediates plant growth and defense
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REVIEW
Crosstalk between GA and JA signaling mediates plant growth and defense Xingliang Hou • Lihua Ding • Hao Yu
Received: 28 December 2012 / Accepted: 11 March 2013 / Published online: 24 March 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Gibberellins (GAs) and jasmonates (JAs) are two types of essential phytohormones that control many aspects of plant growth and development in response to environmental and endogenous signals. GA regulates many essential plant developmental processes, while JA plays a dominant role in mediating plant response to stress. Recent studies have revealed that intensive crosstalk between GA and JA signaling is involved in both plant development and defense to biotic or abiotic stress. In particular, interaction between DELLAs and JA ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins, which are key repressors in GA- and JA-signaling pathways, respectively, plays a key role in mediating the balance between plant growth and defense through modulating the activity of their interacting transcriptional factors in response to GA and JA signals. Here, we briefly review the recent progress in understanding the antagonistic and synergistic crosstalk between GA and JA signaling with a focus on the central role of DELLA–JAZ interaction in addressing the plant dilemma between ‘‘to grow’’ and ‘‘to defend’’ in response to various stimuli.
Communicated by P. Lakshmanan. A contribution to the Special Issue: Plant Hormone Signalling.
Keywords GA JA Plant growth Plant defense Phytohormone signaling
Introduction During the life cycle of plants, trade-off between growth and defense is a dynamic process that is indispensable for plants to optimize resource allocation in response to various developmental cues and environment challenges. Plant defense to herbivores, pathogens, and other abiotic stresses usually occurs at the expense of growth as investment in resistance responses inevitably reduces resources needed for plant growth. To reconcile this conflict, plants have evolved various adaptation mechanisms for mediating the balance between growth and defense, among which the regulatory networks of phytohormones play a fundamental role in facilitating plants to rapidly adjust their responses to the changing environment. In the past few years, much of the knowledge about phytohormone signaling has been gathered from the genetically facile model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms by which intensive crosstalk between the signaling pathways of two types of phytohormones, gibberellins (GAs) and jasmonates (JAs), orchestrates growth and defense to biotic or abiotic stress in Arabidopsis.
X. Hou (&) South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong Province, China e-mail: [email protected]
JA signaling in plants
L. Ding H. Yu (&) Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 10 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore e-mail: dbsyuhao@nus
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