Crowdfunding: Does It Make a Significant Contribution to Community and Independent Media in Quebec?

Anne-Marie Brunelle and Michel Sénécal analyse how Quebec’s community and independent media use surprisingly only rarely crowdfunding, although “participation” is a fundamental part of their definition and history. To understand this apparent paradox, it

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The Independence of the News Media Francophone Research on Media, Economics and Politics Edited by Loïc Ballarini IAMCR AIECS AIERI

Global Transformations in Media and Communication Research - A Palgrave and IAMCR Series Series Editors Marjan de Bruin Chair Technical Working Group Equity, Diversity and Inclusion The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus Kingston, Jamaica Claudia Padovani SPGI University of Padova Padova, Italy

The International Association for Media and Communications Research (IAMCR) has been, for over 50 years, a focal point and unique platform for academic debate and discussion on a variety of topics and issues generated by its many thematic Sections and Working groups (see http://iamcr. org/) This new series specifically links to the intellectual capital of the IAMCR and offers more systematic and comprehensive opportunities for the publication of key research and debates. It will provide a forum for collective knowledge production and exchange through trans-disciplinary contributions. In the current phase of globalizing processes and increasing interactions, the series will provide a space to rethink those very categories of space and place, time and geography through which communication studies has evolved, thus contributing to identifying and refining concepts, theories and methods with which to explore the diverse realities of communication in a changing world. Its central aim is to provide a platform for knowledge exchange from different geo-cultural contexts. Books in the series will contribute diverse and plural perspectives on communication developments including from outside the Anglo-speaking world which is much needed in today’s globalized world in order to make sense of the complexities and intercultural challenges communication studies are facing. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/15018

Loïc Ballarini Editor

The Independence of the News Media Francophone Research on Media, Economics and Politics

Editor Loïc Ballarini Crem (Centre de recherche sur les médiations) University of Lorraine Metz, France

Translated into English by Coup De Puce Expansion (SARL), whose team included the following people: Xanthë Bordes-Ryle, Translator; Jackie Godfrey, Rereader; Teri Jones-Villeneuve, Translator; Ian Margo, Project Manager, Translator; Daniel Mckinnon, Translator; Bianca Ng, Translator; Niamh O’brien, Translator; Beth Varley, Translator, Rereader; Stephen Ward Butler, Translator. ISSN 2634-5978         ISSN 2634-5986 (electronic) Global Transformations in Media and Communication Research - A Palgrave and IAMCR Series ISBN 978-3-030-34053-7    ISBN 978-3-030-34054-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34054-4 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of