Cr(VI) reduction and adsorption by bimetallic nanoparticles from Li-ion batteries
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cr(VI) reduction and adsorption by bimetallic nanoparticles from Li-ion batteries Sthefany dos Santos Sena 1 & Jean Castro da Cruz 1 & Ana Paula de Carvalho Teixeira 2 & Renata Pereira Lopes 1 Received: 14 January 2020 / Accepted: 2 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, bimetallic nanoparticles of cobalt and copper (NPLIB) were synthetized from obsolete Li-ion batteries cellphones and applied for the first time in the Cr(VI) removal. NPLIB has approximately 50 and 40% of Co and Cu content, respectively. The material is composed of Cu0 and Co0 but also presents metal oxides on its surface. The nanoparticles have spherical morphology and a high agglomeration capacity. The cobalt was better distributed on the surface, while copper was present in small scattered clusters. The NPLIB have an average diameter of 13.5 nm being confirmed the formation of the core-shell structure. The point of zero charge was calculated as 8.3. The NPLIB were used in the Cr(VI) removal process in aqueous solution, exhibiting a removal efficiency of ≈ 90% in 60 min of reaction. The kinetics study showed a mechanism consisting of two phases and better fit by pseudo-second-order model. The first phase is faster than the second. It is possible to observe peaks related to the oxidation of Co and Cu in the post reaction NPLIB by X-ray diffraction analysis, suggesting the modification of the material. Raman spectroscopy has shown that Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III) and remains bound to the surface of the nanoparticle, even after the desorption process, reducing its removal efficiency in new cycles. Keywords Nanoparticles . Chromium . Adsorption
Introduction Nowadays, with the advancement of technology, the search for more advanced products, with more tools and facilities, has made the lifespan of equipment shorter. Thus, consumers and industries are increasing the disposal of obsolete items. These devices, such as cellphones and computers, are often disposed of with batteries, such as Li-ion (lithium-ion) batteries. This scenario implies the percentage increasing of called “e-waste” in landfills, bringing implications to different compartments of the environment in the short, medium, and long term. Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10003-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Renata Pereira Lopes [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
2
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
In general, electronic waste is composed, among other components, of heavy metals, which are mostly exposed to the soil, contaminating it, and can reach the aquifers, affecting an entire chain of the ecosystem (Nascimento et al. 2018). Among the compounds of the Li-ion battery, the interest of this study is related to the cob
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