Crystal-Chemical Features of Diamonds Implanted with Helium Ions
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TAL CHEMISTRY
Crystal-Chemical Features of Diamonds Implanted with Helium Ions O. N. Lopatina, A. G. Nikolaeva,*, V. F. Valeevb, V. I. Nuzhdinb, and R. I. Khaibullinb a Kazan
b
(Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, Kazan, 420008 Russia Kazan E.K. Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Federal Research Center “Kazan Scientific Center of RAS,” Sibirskii Trakt 10/7, Kazan, 420029 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received November 14, 2016
Abstract—Implantation of high-energy helium ions into crystals of natural colorless diamonds colors them bright yellow, brown, or black, depending on the implantation dose. The nature of the induced fantasy color and crystal-chemical features of the implanted diamonds have been investigated by IR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It is established that the radiation effect of helium ions on the diamond crystal structure results in the transformation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in its bulk with the formation of new A-type color centers, as well as the formation of carbon nanoclusters with the sp2 hybridization of bonds (which is typical of graphite) in black diamonds. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774518030161
INTRODUCTION Ion implantation, being one of the most efficient and fast methods of semiconductor doping with donor or acceptor impurities, has been applied for a long time and became popular in modern microelectronics for manufacturing large integrated circuits with a desired architecture on a semiconductor (generally silicon) wafer [1]. This method is based on the forced incorporation (implantation) of high-energy ions of various chemical elements into the surface layer of the irradiated solid substrate with any desired concentration, determined by the implantation dose. Being a highly productive method of modifying physicochemical properties of the surface layer of any irradiated material, ion implantation is also used in some other branches of the industry and natural science: metallurgy, medicine, chemistry, biology, etc. [1]. Moreover, the recent fundamental research in this field indicates that the technology of high-dose ion implantation (i.e., to a concentration that a priori exceeds the impurity solubility limit in the irradiated matrix) is promising for the synthesizing of nanocomposites with unique optical and magnetic properties [2, 3]. For the last 15 years, we have performed a series of studies focused on the influence of implantation with chromophore ions (the ions of iron transition group) on the optical properties of various minerals and their synthetic analogs [4–10]. A great experience in the forced (implantation-induced) change in the color of initially colorless minerals to different hues was accumulated by the examples of various silicate (beryl, adularia, topaz, etc.) and oxide (rutile, corundum, quartz, etc.) mineral matrices. The crystal-chemical
features of implantation-colored minerals made it possible to reveal the nature of induced color and determine the main mechanisms of localization of the implanted chromophore ions in the cry
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