Diamonds in Nature A Guide to Rough Diamonds
Diamonds in Nature: A Guide to Rough Diamonds illustrates and explains the unique properties of natural diamonds, such as their crystal shapes, colors, surface textures, and mineral inclusions. It also contains up-to-date information about the origin and
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Ralf Tappert Michelle C. Tappert
Diamonds in Nature A Guide to Rough Diamonds
Ralf Tappert Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [email protected]
Michelle C. Tappert Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-12571-3 e-ISBN 978-3-642-12572-0 DOI 10.1007/ 978-3-642-12572-0 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011924333 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. All photos were taken by Ralf Tappert unless otherwise stated. Editing and index: Michelle Tappert Book design: Susan Hunter Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Table of Contents
Preface ...................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments .................................................................... ix Chapter 1: The Origin of Diamonds .......................................... 1 The origin of diamonds in the Earth’s mantle
2
Diamonds in placer deposits
10
Diamonds from other sources Metamorphic and other crustal diamonds Meteoritic and impact diamonds
12 12 12
Chapter 2: The Morphology of Diamonds ............................. 15 Monocrystalline diamonds Octahedral diamonds Diamond cubes Dodecahedral diamonds Irregular diamonds Aggregates, parallel intergrowths, and twins Contact twins Interpenetrant twins
16 17 22 25 28 30 32 34
Fibrous diamonds and fibrous coats
37
Polycrystalline diamonds
40
Chapter 3: The Colors of Diamonds ........................................ 45 Colorless diamonds
47
Yellow diamonds
50
Blue diamonds
54
Brown, pink, red, and purple diamonds
57
Green diamonds Green body colors Green surface colors Green skins and spots Brown spots
60 60 61 61 65
Colors caused by inclusions
68
v
Chapter 4: The Surface Textures of Diamonds....................... 71 Textures on octahedral crystal faces Triangular plates Shield-shaped laminae Triangular pits (trigons) Six-sided pits (hexagons)
72 72 73 73 75
Textures on cubic crystal faces
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