Crystallization kinetics and dielectric properties of nanocrystalline lead strontium barium niobates
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Michael Lanagana) Center for Dielectric Studies, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Jiang-Tsair Lin Materials Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan 31040, Republic of China
Beth Jones Center for Dielectric Studies, Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Ming-Jen Pan Nova Research, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia 22308 (Received 7 June 2004; accepted 4 November 2004)
The crystallization kinetics and phase developments of PbO–BaO–SrO–Nb2O5–B2O3– SiO2-based glass-ceramics was investigated. Lead strontium barium niobate, (Pb,Sr,Ba)Nb2O6, with a tetragonal tungsten-bronze structure formed as the major crystalline phase, which showed evidence of both surface and bulk crystallization. The results of the present study showed significant evidence of a change in crystallization mechanism between the as-heated surface and the interior of glass-ceramics. This effect could be attributed to a volatilization of PbO taken place readily on the surface region of sample during heating. The grain size of the bulk-nucleated (Pb,Sr,Ba)Nb2O6 crystals was substantially smaller than that of surface-nucleated crystals. This result facilitated meeting the capacitors as high energy density application due to the ultrafine grains (
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