Cu-doped zinc oxide fiber optic sensor for acetone detection at room temperature
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Cu‑doped zinc oxide fiber optic sensor for acetone detection at room temperature M. Manjula1 · B. Karthikeyan1 · D. Sastikumar1 Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper reports on the fiber optic gas sensing characteristics of clad-modified Cu-doped ZnO nanopowder for the detection of ammonia, ethanol, methanol and acetone gases at various concentration (0–500 ppm). Pure and Cu-doped (1, 3 and 5 mol%) ZnO samples were fabricated and characterized for its structural, optical and morphological properties. Among the samples studied, the sensor containing 5 mol % Cu shows very good response to acetone with the highest gas sensitivity when compared with other gases. Moreover, it exhibits fast response/recovery time (12 and 15 s) and good selectivity. Keywords Nanocrystalline Cu-doped ZnO · Clad modification · Fiber optic gas sensor · Acetone gas and gas sensitivity
1 Introduction Acetone is a highly volatile organic compound used in laboratories and find applications in the field of cosmetics, petrochemical industries, etc. [1, 2]. It is found that exposure to higher concentration of acetone affects the human health [3, 4]. Acetone is also present in the human breath of diabetic patients and detection of concentration (ppm level) helps for diabetic diagnosis [5–8]. Metal oxide-based gas sensors have been widely used to detect various environmental pollutant gases. Metal oxides such as S nO2, NiO, CuO, I n2O3, WO3, TiO2, V2O3 and ZnO are effectively used as gas sensors based on change in their electrical conductivity, in the absence and presence of test gas [9, 10]. Among these metal oxides, ZnO is the most interesting sensing material due to its attractive and unique properties such as non-toxicity, bandgap energy of 3.37 eV at room temperature, high thermal and mechanical stabilities, high electron mobility, high radiation hardness and higher transparency in the visible region [11, 12]. The gas sensing performance of ZnO has been enhanced by doping noble catalyst particles [13]. Transition metal (Ag, Cu) was fast diffusing dopant in compound semiconductors [9]. It has been proved that Cu atoms can enhance * D. Sastikumar [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
the oxygen adsorption capacity of the metal oxide surface which enhances the solid gas interaction and also it has similar physical and chemical properties as zinc and has a radius comparable to that of Z n2+ [9, 14]. Cu–ZnO thin films have been previously studied for CO, H2S and NO gases at the operating temperature of 350 °C, 250 °C and 55 °C, respectively [10–13]. Cu–ZnO nanofibres synthesized through electrospinning route exhibited high selectivity to H2S gas compared to other common gases [15]. Cu-doped one-dimensional ZnO structures prepared by hydrothermal method, showed H2 gas selectivity at room temperature [16]. Further transition metal (Cu, Mn, CO)-doped ZnO thin films showed shor
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