Cultural tourism: an integrated analysis based on official data
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Cultural tourism: an integrated analysis based on official data Francesca Petrei1 · Lorenzo Cavallo1 · Maria Teresa Santoro1
© Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract The main aim of this paper is to analyze cultural tourism in Italy and its relationship with the territory (that is considered the principal driver of the analysis) and to provide a tool to policy makers to know the territorial dynamics and identify the best local development policies. The cultural tourism is studied by the relation between tourism statistics and cultural statistics; data used for this study mainly derive from the official surveys produced by Istat (Italian National Institute for Statistics): “Capacity and Occupancy in accommodation establishments” and “Museums and other cultural institutions”. Through a georeferenced approach, mapping the variables on tourism (arrivals and bed places) and culture (museums/cultural exhibits and admissions) at Italian municipality level with reference to the year 2015, the analysis allows the identification of well-defined geographical areas having significant different tourism and cultural characteristics. A system is proposed to categorize the Italian territory in order to identify the areas with the greatest cultural-tourism vocation and those having greatest potential for development, focusing on the most explanatory case studies. Keywords Cultural tourism · Heritage tourism · Tourism flows · Museums · Visitors · Territory JEL Classification L83 · O18 · Z32
The work is the result of collaboration among the authors, however, in the drafting of the text, sections 1,2,5 and 6 are to be attributed to Francesca Petrei, section 3 to Maria Teresa Santoro and section 4 to Lorenzo Cavallo. * Francesca Petrei [email protected] Lorenzo Cavallo [email protected] Maria Teresa Santoro [email protected] 1
Italian National Institute of Statistics, Rome, Italy
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1 Introduction “The most visible contribution of culture to local development lies in its ability to attract tourists and the consequent positive effects on spending, incomes and employment” (OECD 2005, p. 51) Flows towards art cities and cultural sites are constantly growing, as many reports by specialized Institutes point out. The economic potential of culture for the territory is similar to an export potential, except that in this case it is not services that are exported but consumers who are brought in Leslie and Sigala (2005) and Streeten (2006). This viewpoint has inspired many studies since the early 1980s that have attempted to demonstrate the impact of culture on local development (OECD 2005, 2018). “Cultural tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing global tourism markets. Culture and creative industries are increasingly being used to promote destinations and enhance their competitiveness and attractiveness” (OECD 2009, p. 65): an estimated four out of ten tourists choose their destination based on its cultural offering (UNWTO 2018). Many destinations are now developing strategies to use their
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