Current and future developments to improve 5G-NewRadio performance in vehicle-to-everything communications
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Current and future developments to improve 5G‑NewRadio performance in vehicle‑to‑everything communications Shimaa A. Abdel Hakeem1,2 · Anar A. Hady2 · HyungWon Kim1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication is a technology that provides connectivity between vehicles, pedestrians, and road infrastructure. Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) is proposed by different standards such as ETSI, IEEE, and others since ten years ago to provide wireless connectivity in V2X. Recently, the LTE-V2X based cellular communication is standardized by the 3rd Generation Partner Project (3GPP) Release 14 as an alternative V2X technology to support autonomous driving. 5G-NewRadio (5G-NR) is being proposed by the 3GPP Release 16 as a new radio access technology to offer enhanced radio coverage and wide ultra-high reliability services. 3GPP Release15 was published in 2018 to include Phase 1 5G-NR standard. 3GPP Release 16 is designed to provide the 5G phase 2 and scheduled for being delivered in June 2020. In this paper, we study V2X based DSRC and LTE-V2X standards and introduce the current 5G-V2X standards progress. We present the 5G-V2X architecture design, core elements, challenges, essential requirements, security enhancement, and radio techniques. Also, we consider the security aspects of architecture and issues of 5G-V2X. Keywords 5G-NewRadio · C-V2X · DSRC · LTE-V2X · Security · D2D communication · Autonomous driving
1 Introduction Vehicle to Everything (V2X) is an information technology to connect vehicles with everything. V2X technologies attract industrial and academic efforts to provide wireless connectivity between all road entities and support several V2X services. World-Health-Organization has published that traffic accidents annually cost 1.2 million deaths and 50 million injures [1]. American Automobile Association (AAA) has announced that road-accidents cost 300billion dollars every year [2]. V2X applications and services can provide road safety and reduce accidents. Different V2X infrastructures incorporate a lot of standards, such as DSRC, Mobile Cellular, and Infrared technologies [3]. The increasing rise of smart devices produces a new generation of applications that can allow drivers to access vehicles * HyungWon Kim [email protected] 1
MSIS (Mixed Signal Integrated Systems) Lab, School of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
Electronics Research Institute (ERI), El Tahrir St, El Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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remotely [4]. The deployment of V2X infrastructure demands high investment overhead. V2X structure differs among different standards; however, the common network blocks are Road Side Unit and Onboard-Unit. Road Side Unit (RSU) is considered a fixed powerful access point that deployed on roads to support massive V2X services for road users. Onboard Unit (OBU), it represents the DSRC communication device used in each vehicle to provide communication between them. V2X
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