Current Approach to Heart Failure
This book is intended to be a link between guidelines and clinical practice, a complementary tool to help physicians to be well informed regarding the important field of heart failure. It will be a useful tool for professionals from all the fields of card
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Maria Dorobanţu Frank Ruschitzka Marco Metra Editors
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Current Approach to Heart Failure
Maria Dorobanţu • Frank Ruschitzka Marco Metra Editors
Current Approach to Heart Failure
Editors Maria Dorobanţu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila Bucharest Department of Cardiology Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest Bucharest Romania
Marco Metra Section of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Brescia Brescia Italy
Frank Ruschitzka Department of Cardiology University Heart Center Zürich Switzerland
ISBN 978-3-319-45236-4 ISBN 978-3-319-45237-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45237-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016960763 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Why do we need another heart failure (HF) book in the context of currently abundant literature on the subject? At present, HF prevalence is still high, while its morbidity and mortality is highly dependent on the HF type as well as the access to the advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. The pathophysiology is better understood and there is a trend for a better characterization of HF subtypes. Currently, we know that HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are two different pathophysiological entities. It is accepted that HFpEF is the consequence of a cluster of comorbidities which promotes a proinflammatory systemic state; this in turn, results in endothelial inflammation in the coronary microcirculation leading to myocardial stiffness and increased collagen synthesis. Furthermore, the 2016 guidelines introduce a new term for patients with HF and a left ventricular ejection fraction that ranges from 40 to 49 %—HF with mid-range ejection fraction—
