Current methods for diagnosis of human coronaviruses: pros and cons
- PDF / 3,173,328 Bytes
- 20 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 6 Downloads / 249 Views
REVIEW
Current methods for diagnosis of human coronaviruses: pros and cons Mercy R Benzigar 1,2 & Ripon Bhattacharjee 1,2 & Mahroo Baharfar 1,2 & Guozhen Liu 1,2 Received: 3 July 2020 / Revised: 14 October 2020 / Accepted: 4 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The current global fight against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to flatten the transmission curve is put forth by the World Health Organization (WHO) as there is no immediate diagnosis or cure for COVID-19 so far. In order to stop the spread, researchers worldwide are working around the clock aiming to develop reliable tools for early diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) understanding the infection path and mechanisms. Currently, nucleic acid-based molecular diagnosis (real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test) is considered the gold standard for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Antibody-based serology detection is ineffective for the purpose of early diagnosis, but a potential tool for serosurveys, providing people with immune certificates for clearance from COVID-19 infection. Meanwhile, there are various blooming methods developed these days. In this review, we summarise different types of coronavirus discovered which can be transmitted between human beings. Methods used for diagnosis of the discovered human coronavirus (SARS, MERS, COVID-19) including nucleic acid detection, gene sequencing, antibody detection, antigen detection, and clinical diagnosis are presented. Their merits, demerits and prospects are discussed which can help the researchers to develop new generation of advanced diagnostic tools for accurate and effective control of human coronavirus transmission in the communities and hospitals. Keywords Human coronaviruses . COVID-19 . Biosensors . Serology detection . Molecular diagnostics
Introduction Infectious biological outbreaks and human health risks began since 1965 when the virus B814 was identified in the human respiratory tract. Since then, the OC43 and 229E of human strains were widely studied, when there was 229E outbreak in children’s health [1, 2]. While around this time, many of the other coronavirus species of animal origin, recently the existence of coronavirus in bats and birds, were growing rapidly [3, 4]. This led to the classification of virus into three broad groups based on their genomic sequences, namely group 1 (229E and their derivatives), group 2 (OC43), and group 3 (airborne and bronchitis viruses) [5–12]. The acute respiratory
* Guozhen Liu [email protected] 1
Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
2
Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
syndrome outbreak in southern China in 2002, and wide spreading in 29 countries, was caused by the coronavirus and is called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCoV-1) [13, 14]. Following this was another type of coronavirus that caused Middle East resp
Data Loading...
